Interlanguage Phonology: The Acquisition of a Second Language Sound System

acoustic acquired adult Broselow child language Chinese cognitive consonant clusters consonant deletion contrastive analysis Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis developmental processes Dickerson difficulty Eckman Egyptian Arabic English speakers epenthesis example factors Farsi final position Flege foreign language formal forms fourth tone fricatives glottal stop grammar guage inexperienced Americans initial clusters insertion interference interlanguage phonology Japanese Krashen L1 acquisition L2 learners L2 phones Language Learning language transfer linguistic Macken Mandarin markedness medial native language native speakers obstruents occur paper Paragoge patterns percent phonetic phonological rules Portuguese predict pronunciation result Schwa Schwa Paragoge second language acquisition second language learners segments sociolinguistic sounds speakers of French speaking tasks speech strategy subjects substitutions syllable simplification syllable structure Table target language Tarone Terminal Devoicing Thai theory tion underlying underlying representations University variants voice contrast voice onset voiceless vowel word-final