Spain, a Historical Enigma, Parte1

able adventure affirmed Al-Andalus Alfonso VI Alfonso X Alfonso XI already Andalusia Aragón Asturias Ávila Basque Country battle Burgos Cantabrian Castilian Catalonia Catholic centuries Charles Christians cities colonization concejos confront conquered conquest continued conversos Córdoba cortes crisis Crown of Aragón cultural decades Duero Ebro economic Europe European exaltation export faith favor Ferdinand feudal fiscal Flanders forced foreign frontier fueros Galicia García Hebrews Hispania Hispanic historical community human idea imperial important industry Islamic Jewish Jews Juan juridical king kingdom kingdom of León kings of León knights lands later León and Castile lived loans lords lordship Madrid magnates maravedis María medieval merchants modern monarch Mozarabs Muslim Navarre nobles Oviedo passion Peninsular Philip political Portugal princes provoked Pyrenees reason Reconquest reign religious repopulation Roman royal Sancho Seville sixteenth-century Spain Spaniards Spanish spirit Tagus temperamental Toledo tradition triumph unity usury Valencia vassal vital wealth zone