A history of Spain and Portugal

achieved administration agrarian agriculture Alfonso XIII anarchist anarcho-syndicalism Angola anticlerical aristocratic army Barcelona Basque Basque country became began Brazil Canovas Carlist Carlos Carlos III Catalan Catalanists Catalonia Catholic church civil commerce Communist conservative constitutional constitutional monarchy Cortes crown cultural decade Democrats dictatorship economic eighteenth century elections electoral elite established Europe European expansion factions Felipe Fernando VII forces foreign formed France French Galicia groups Habsburg increased industrial Joao Junta labor land leaders leftist liberal Lisbon lower classes Madrid major Maura ment middle class military minister ministry moderate monarchist monarchy movement Nationalist nearly nineteenth century officers opposition organized parliament parliamentary party peasants percent political popular population Porto Portugal Portuguese production Progressives provincial radical reform reformist regional reign Republic Republican restored revolt revolutionary royal rural Sagasta Salazar social Socialists society Spain Spanish suffrage tion trade Valencia