Cultural Models in Language and Thought

Portada
Dorothy Holland, Naomi Quinn
Cambridge University Press, 1987 M01 30 - 400 páginas
The papers in this volume, a multidisciplinary collaboration of anthropologists, linguists, and psychologists, explore the ways in which cultural knowledge is organized and used in everyday language and understanding. Employing a variety of methods, which rely heavily on linguistic data, the authors offer analyses of domains of knowledge ranging across the physical, social, and psychological worlds, and reveal the importance of tacit, presupposed knowledge in the conduct of everyday life. The authors argue that cultural knowledge is organized in 'cultural models' - storylike chains of prototypical events that unfold in simplified worlds - and explore the nature and role of these models. They demonstrate that cultural knowledge may take either proposition-schematic or image-schematic form, each enabling the performance of different kinds of cognitive tasks. Metaphor and metonymy are shown to have special roles in the construction of cultural models. The authors also demonstrates that some widely applicable cultural models recur nested within other, more special-purpose models. Finally, it is shown that shared models play a critical role in thinking, allowing humans to master, remember, and use the vast amount of knowledge required in everyday life. This innovative collection will appeal to anthropologists, linguists, psychologists, philosophers, students of artificial intelligence, and other readers interested in the processes of everyday human understanding.
 

Contenido

Culture and cognition
3
The definition of lie an examination of the folk models underlying a semantic prototype
43
Linguistic competence and folk theories of language two English hedges
67
Prestige and intimacy the cultural models behind Americans talk about gender types
78
A folk model of the mind
112
Proverbs and cultural models an American psychology of problem solving
151
Convergent evidence for a cultural model of American marriage
173
The cognitive model of anger inherent in American English
195
How people construct mental models
243
Myth and experience in the Trobriand Islands
269
Goals events and understanding in Ifaluk emotion theory
290
Ecuadorian illness stones cultural knowledge in natural discourse
313
Explanatory systems in oral life stories
343
Models folk and cultural paradigms regained?
369
Index
395
Derechos de autor

Two theories of home heat control
222

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