Guns, sails and empires: technological innovation and the early phases of European expansion, 1400-1700

Amsterdam Armada army arsenals Ashdown Forest Asia Atlantic balls bombards Boxer bronze artillery bronze guns Calendar calibre caravels Carrasco cast iron cast iron cannon cast iron guns chapt China Chinese Christians Colbert Colliado copper developed Dutch early economic eighteenth century enemy England English Europe exports factories Father favour field artillery fifteenth Finspong fire fire-arms fleet footnote footnote1 France French furnace Fynes Moryson galleons galleys Geer German Godinho gun foundry gun-founders gunners gunpowder Haeyang Heijkenskjold Holland huge important Indian Iron Industry iron ordnance Japanese King labour Lettres Lisbon Low Countries Macao Mamluk manufacture Mediterranean merchants metric tons middle military Moryson Moslems naval artillery naval warfare navy Ottomans peeces pieces Portugal Portuguese sailing ships Schubert Seignelay seventeenth century shot sixteenth century Spain Spaniards Spanish Styckegjutning Sussex Sweden Swedish techniques Tott trade tradition Turkish Turks Venetian Venetian Ships Venice Verbiest vessels weapons Western wrote