Identified versus Statistical Lives: An Interdisciplinary PerspectiveI. Glenn Cohen, Norman Daniels, Nir Eyal Oxford University Press, 2015 M03 9 - 288 páginas The identified lives effect describes the fact that people demonstrate a stronger inclination to assist persons and groups identified as at high risk of great harm than those who will or already suffer similar harm, but endure unidentified. As a result of this effect, we allocate resources reactively rather than proactively, prioritizing treatment over prevention. For example, during the August 2010 gold mine cave-in in Chile, where ten to twenty million dollars was spent by the Chilean government to rescue the 33 miners trapped underground. Rather than address the many, more cost effective mine safety measures that should have been implemented, the Chilean government and international donors concentrated efforts in large-scale missions that concerned only the specific group. Such bias as illustrated through this incident raises practical and ethical questions that extend to almost every aspect of human life and politics. What can social and cognitive sciences teach us about the origin and triggers of the effect? Philosophically and ethically, is the effect a "bias" to be eliminated or is it morally justified? What implications does the effect have for health care, law, the environment and other practice domains? This volume is the first to take an interdisciplinary approach toward answering this issue of identified versus statistical lives by considering a variety of perspectives from psychology, public health, law, ethics, and public policy. |
Contenido
1 | |
Part I Social Science | 11 |
Part II Ethics and Political Philosophy | 41 |
Part III Applications | 159 |
219 | |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Identified versus Statistical Lives: An Interdisciplinary Perspective I. Glenn Cohen,Norman Daniels,Nir Eyal Vista previa limitada - 2015 |
Identified Versus Statistical Lives: An Interdisciplinary Perspective I. Glenn Cohen,Norman Daniels,Nir Morechay Eyal Vista previa limitada - 2015 |
Términos y frases comunes
40 million Adler allocation antiretroviral argue argument benefit Californian ceteris paribus chance choice Churchill claim compensating variations complaint concentrated risk consequentialist cost-benefit analysis cost-effective Court Coventry Blitz decision discount disease stages empathy environmental law epistemic risk equal equity-regarding SWF equivalent variations ethical ex ante ex post view example expected utility fact favor harm head north head south HIV treatment-as-prevention human identical identifiable victim effect identified and statistical identified lives identified person identified versus statistical individual individual’s interventions intuitive Kahneman killed life-saving litigation Michael Otsuka nonconsequentialist nonepistemic Norman Daniels normative Number of Lives objective outcome Pareto principle patients premature death prevention principle priority problem protect PSIV psychological reasons risk of death Risk Transfer rule of rescue Sacrifice Unknown saving identified social someone statistical victims status quo suffering survival probability TasP tion treatment Unknown Life dust Unknown Life wheel utilitarianism vaccination versus statistical lives