The present position of economics, an inaugural lecture1885 |
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The Present Position of Economics, an Inaugural Lecture Alfred Marshall Sin vista previa disponible - 2010 |
Términos y frases comunes
able achievements action of causes Adam Smith analyse applied argument attributed bridge will bear bring to bear C. J. CLAY Cairnes Cambridge chief chiefly classes common sense complex Comte Comte's concrete truth contemporary cross-examine the facts deal difficult direct light divided ownership economic customs economic dogmas economic facts economic history economic organon economic problems economic science economic theory effect engineer England English economists equilibration of measurable event fault genius give greater historic school honours human motives human nature important India Jevons knighthood knowledge material things material wealth measurable motives Moral Sciences never noble nomic numbers Panama canal philosophic Political Economy practical present PRINTED BY C. J. property in material reduced to law Ricardian Ricardo scientific method self-regarding selfish social phenomena social problems socialists speak study of economic study of facts tariff thought tion tone of business trade trained scientific mind Tripos writers
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Página 57 - I may, to increase the numbers of those whom Cambridge, the great mother of strong men,2 sends out into the world with cool heads but warm hearts, willing to give some at least of their best powers to grappling with the social suffering around them ; resolved not to rest content till they have done what in them lies to discover how far it is possible to open up to all the material...
Página 56 - Why should it be left for impetuous socialists and ignorant orators to cry aloud that none ought to be shut out by want of material means from the opportunity of leading a life that is worthy of man?
Página 31 - Lastly, taking account of the fact that the same sum of money measures a greater pleasure for the poor than for the rich, it helps in determining the relations between the money gain that a nation gets from any given social or industrial change and the total increase of happiness arising from it. This task most properly belongs to the economic organon, though it has been much neglected by economists till recently.
Página 16 - They therefore attributed to the forces of supply and demand a much more mechanical and regular action than is to be found in real life: and they laid down laws with regard to profits and wages that did not really hold even for England in their own time.
Página 29 - ... we see that they are of all kinds. They include many of the highest, the most refined, and the most unselfish elements in our nature." Of course, Marshall admitted that egoism was an important spring of action; but there are other motives, he held, that must equally be acknow-ledged: above all "hot impulses" and "combative instincts
Página 13 - The change that has been made in the point of view of Economics by the present generation is due to the discovery that man himself is in a great measure a creature of circumstances and changes with them. The chief fault in English economists at the beginning of the century was not that they ignored history and statistics, but that they regarded man as so to speak a constant quantity, and gave themselves little trouble to study his variations. They therefore attributed to the...
Página 16 - It caused them to regard labour simply as a commodity without throwing themselves into the point of view of the workman ; without allowing for his human passions, his instincts and habits, his sympathies and antipathies, his class jealousies and class adhesiveness, his want of knowledge and of the opportunities for free and vigorous action.
Página 16 - In particular they did not see that the poverty of the poor is the chief cause of that weakness and inefficiency which are the causes of their poverty : they had not the faith that modern economists have in the possibility of a vast improvement in the condition of the working classes.
Página 44 - ... the most reckless and treacherous of all theorists is he who professes to let facts and figures speak for themselves, who keeps in the background the part he has played, perhaps unconsciously, in selecting and grouping them, and in suggesting the argument, post hoc ergo propter hoc.
Página 19 - Ricardo and his chief followers did not make clear to others, it was not even quite clear to themselves, that what they were building up was not universal truth, but machinery of universal application in the discovery of a certain class of truths.