This poem stands as the motto to Chapter 34 of Old Mortality. It is one of a number of mottoes, ascribed by Scott to anonymous writers, but really written by himself.

On.

"It may be worth noting that it was in correcting the proof-sheets of The Antiquary that Scott first took to equipping his characters with mottoes of his own fabrication. one occasion he happened to ask John Ballantyne, who was sitting by him, to hunt for a particular passage in Beaumont and Fletcher. John did as he was bid, but did not succeed in discovering the lines. 'Hang it Johnnie" cried Scott. 'I believe I can make a motto sooner than you will find one.' He did so accordingly; and from that hour, whenever memory failed to suggest an appropriate epigraph, he had recourse to the inexhaustible mines of 'old play' or 'old ballad' to which we owe some of the most exquisite verse that ever flowed from his pen."-Lockhart, in Life of Scott, ch. 27.

THE DREARY CHANGE

"It was while struggling with such languor, on one lovely evening of this autumn [1817], that he composed the following beautiful verses. They mark the very spot of their birth,—namely, the then naked height overhanging the northern side of the Cauldshields Loch, from which Melrose Abbey to the eastward, and the hills of Ettrick and Yarrow to the west, are now visible over a wide range of rich woodland,-all the work of the poet's hand."-Lockhart, in Life of Scott, ch. 39.

FAREWELL TO THE LAND

This hymn is found in Chapter 39 of Iranhoc. It follows this statement: "It was in the twilight of the day when her trial, if it could be called such, had taken place, that a low knock was heard at the door of Rebecca's prison-chamber. It disturbed not the inmate, who was then engaged in the evening prayer recommended by her religion, and which concluded with a hymn we have ventured thus to translate into English."

The original of Rebecca was an American Jewess named Rebecca Gratz. The story of her fruitless love for a Christian was told to Scott by Washington Irving at Abbotsford in 1817. See Van Rensselaer's "The Original of Rebecca in Ivanhoe," The Century Magazine, Sept., 1882 (24:679).

March, march, Make-rags of Borrowdale,1
Whether ye promise to bearer or order;
March, march, Take-rag and Bawbee tail,
All the Scotch flimsies must over the Bor-
der:

Vainly you snarl anent
New Act of Parliament,

Bidding you vanish from dairy and "lauder":"
Dogs, you have had your day,
Down tail and slink away;
You'll pick no more bones on this side of the
Border.

Hence to the hills where your fathers stole
cattle;

1 "Not the Cumberland Borrodaile, but the genu ine ancient name of that district of Scotland, whatever it be called now, from which was issued the first promise to pay, that was made with the express purpose of being broken."-Peacock's note.

2 Scotice for Tag-rag and Bob-tail: a highly re spectable old firm." A paper kite with a bawbee at its tail is perhaps a better emblem of the safe cur rency of Scotland than Mr. Canning's mountain of paper irrigated by a rivulet of gold."-Peacock's George Canning (1770-1827) was a noted larder

note.

1822-27, and Premier, 1827.

470.

Hence to the glens where they skulked from the law;

Hence to the moors where they vanished from battle,

Crying "De'll tak the hindmost," and "Charlie's awa'."

Metal is clanking here;

Off with your banking gear;

Off, ere you're paid "to Old Harry or order";
England shall many a day
Wish you'd been far away,
Long ere your kite-wings flew over the Border.

March, march, Ettrick and Teviotdale,

Pay-day's the word, lads, and gold' is the

law.

March, march, Eskdale and Liddesdale;

Tagdale, and Ragdale, and Bobdale, and a'; Persons or purse, they say; Purse you have none to pay; Your persons who'll deal with, except the Recorder?

Yet, to retrieve your freaks, You can just leave your breeks ;1 You'll want them no more when you're over the Border.

High on a pole in the vernal sun's baskings, When April has summoned you ragships

THE SONG OF THE REIM-KENNAR

This song is found in Chapter 6 of The Pirate. It is sung by the witch Norna, and is thus introduced: "Having looked on the sky for some time in a fixed attitude, and with the most profound silence, Norna at once, yet with a slow and elevated gesture, extended her staff of black oak toward that part of the heavens from which the blast came hardest, and in the midst of its fury chanted a Norwegian invocation, still preI served in the Island of Uist, under the name of The Song of the Reim-kennar, though some call it The Song of the Tempest. The following is a free translation, it being impossible to render literally many of the elliptical and metaphorical terms of expression peculiar to the ancient Northern poetry."

COUNTY GUY

breeches; trousers

and if the song had been recited without the notes, or the air played without the words, neither would have been worth noting. It is, therefore, scarcely fair to put upon record lines intended not to be said or read, but only to be sung. But such scraps of old poetry had always had a sort of fascination for us; and as the tune is lost foreverunless Bishop happens to find the notes, or some lark teaches Stephens to warble the air-we will risk our credit, and the taste of the Lady of the Lute, by preserving the verses, simple and even rude as they are." Bishop and Stephens were contemporary English musicians and composers.

WHAT BRAVE CHIEF

This song is found in Chapter 11 of The Talisman. It is sung by a minstrel as a compliment to Leopold, Archduke of Austria, to glorify him as equal to Richard the LionHearted of England. Both were leaders in the Crusades.

ROBIN HOOD

This song is found in Act II, sc. 1, of、 Scott's drama The Doom of Devorgoil. It is sung by Blackthorn, a forest ranger, in love with Kathleen, who has just skipped away from him.

BONNY DUNDEE

This and the following song, When Friends are Met, are found in Act II, sc. 2, of The Doom of Devorgoil. Bonny Dundee is sung by Leonard, a forest ranger, in recounting an incident in which Oswold of Devorgoil, a Scottish baron, had a part thirty years before.

Bonny Dundee was John Graham of Claverhouse (1649-89), Viscount Dundee, a staunch Scottish supporter of Charles II and James II of England. His strict enforcement of the laws against the Scottish Covenanters won him the title "Bloody Claver'se." After the flight of James into France, Claverhouse supported his cause against William III, going so far as to defy the Convention, or Scotch Parliament, which had accepted William. Failing in his attempt to persuade the Duke of Gordon to hold Edinburgh Castle, on Castle Rock, for King James, he raised an army which met and defeated the government forces at the Battle of Killiecrankie, in 1689. He died of a wound the night of the victory.

WHEN FRIENDS ARE MET

This was sung as a duet by Leonard and Flora, Oswald's daughter, after Bonny Dundee was finished.

GLEE FOR KING CHARLES

This song is found in Chapter 20 of Woodstock. It is sung by a merry group, just before they separate for the night, in honor of Charles I, King of England (1625-49).

PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY (1792-1822), p. 627

EDITIONS

Works, 5 vols., ed., with a Memoir by Leigh Hunt, by R. H. Shepherd (London, Chatto, 187175).

Complete Works, 8 vols., ed. by H. B. Forman (London, Reeves, 1876-80, 1882; New York, Scribner).

Complete Works, 8 vols., ed. by N. H. Dole (Laurel ed. London and Boston, 1904-06). Poetical Works, 3 vols., ed. by R. II. Shepherd (London, Chatto, 1888).

Poetical Works, ed. by E. Dowden (Globe ed. London and New York, Macmillan, 1890, 1907).

Complete Poetical Works, 4 vols., ed., with a

Memoir, by G. E. Woodberry (Centenary ed.: Boston, Houghton, 1892; London, Paul, 1893).

Poetical Works, 5 vols., ed., with a Memoir, by H. B. Forman (Aldine ed.: London, Bell, 1892; New York, Macmillan).

Complete Poetical Works, ed.: with a Memoir, by

G. E. Woodberry (Cambridge ed.: Boston,
Houghton, 1901).

Complete Poetical Works, ed. by T. Hutchinson
(Oxford Univ. Press, 1904, 1907).
Poems, 4 vols., ed. by C. D. Locock (London,
Methuen, 1906-09).

Poems, 2 vols., ed., with an Introduction by A.

Clutton-Brock, by C. D. Locock (London,
Methuen, 1911).

Prose Works, 2 vols., ed. by R. H. Shepherd (Lon. don, Chatto, 1888, 1912).

Select Poems, ed., with an Introduction, by W. J. Alexander (Athenæum Press ed. Boston, Ginn, 1898).

Poems, selected, ed., with an Introduction, by A. Meynell (Red Letter ed.: Glasgow, Blackie, 1903).

Poems, selected by J. C. Collins (Edinburgh, Jack,

1907).

Select Poems, ed., with an Introduction, by G. E. Woodberry (Belles Lettres ed.: Boston,

Heath, 1908).

Essays and Letters, ed., with an Introduction, by

E. Rhys (Camelot Classics ed.; London,
Scott, 1886).

Letters, 2 vols., ed. by R. Ingpen (London, Pitman, 1909, 1912; New York, Scribner, 1909; Macmillan, 1915).

BIOGRAPHY

Angeli, H. R.: Shelley and His Friends in Italy (London, Methuen, 1911; New York, Brentano).

Clutton-Brock, A.: Shelley, the Man and the Poet (New York, Putnam, 1909; London, Methuen).

Dowden, E.: The Life of P. B. Shelley, 2 vols. (London, Paul, 1886, 1896; New York, Scribner).

Godwin, W.: The Elopement of Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, ed. by H. B. Forman

(St. Louis, Privately printed for W. K. Bixby, 1912).

Gribble, F.: The Romantic Life of Shelley, and the Sequel (New York, Putnam, 1911). Hogg, T. J.: The Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley, 2 vols. (London, Moxon, 1858); 1 vol., with an Introduction, by E. Dowden (London, Routledge, 1906; New York, Dutton). Hogg, T. J.: Shelley at Oxford, with an Introduction by R. A. Streatfeild (London, Methuen, 1904).

Hunt, Leigh: Autobiography (London, Smith, 1850, 1906); 2 vols., ed. by R. Ingpen (London, Constable, 1903; New York, Dutton). Marshall, Mrs. J.: Life and Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, 2 vols. (London, Bentley, 1889).

Medwin, T.: Life of Shelley, 2 vols. (1847); ed. by II. B. Forman (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1913).

Paul, C. K.: William Godwin, His Friends and Contemporaries, 2 vols. (London, Paul,

1876). Peacock, T. L.: Memoirs of Shelley, with Shelley's Letters to Peacock (London, Bentley. 1875; Frowde, 1909; New York, Oxford Univ. Press).

Reed, M.: Love Affairs of Literary Men (New York, Putnam, 1907).

Salt, H. S.: P. B. Shelley, Poet and Pioneer; a Biographical Study (London, Reeves, 1896). Sharp, William: Life of Shelley (Great Writers' Series: London, Scott, 1887; New York, Scribner).

Shelley Memorials, ed. by Lady Shelley (London, King, 1859).

Smith, G. B.: Shelley: A Critical Biography (Edinburgh, Hamilton, 1877).

Symonds, J. A.: Shelley (English Men of Letters Series: London, Macmillan, 1878, 1887; New York, Harper).

of Shelley and Byron (London, Moxon, 1859); Records of Shelley, Byron, and the Author (London, Pickering, 1878; Frowde, 1906: New York, Dutton, 1905; Oxford Univ. Press, 1906).

CRITICISM

Arnold, M.: Essays in Criticism, Second Series (London and New York, Macmillan, 1888). Bagehot, W.: The National Review, Oct., 1856; Literary Studies, 3 vols., ed. by R. H. Hutton (London and New York, Longmans, 1878-79, 1895).

don, Hurst, 1885).

Brailsford, II. N.: Shelley, Godwin, and Their Circle (London, Williams, 1913; New York, Holt).

Brandes, G.: Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, Vol. 4 (London, Heinemann, 1905; New York, Macmillan, 1906). Brooke, S. A.: "Epipsychidion," "Inaugural Address to the Shelley Society," "The Lyrics of Shelley," Studies in Poetry (London, Duckworth, 1907; New York, Putnam). Browning, R.: "An Essay on Shelley" (1852),

Shelley Society Papers (London. 1888); Printed in the Appendix to the Cambridge edition of Browning's Complete Poetical Works (Boston, Houghton, 1895). Buck, P. M.: "The Empire of Beauty, Shelley." Social Forces in Modern Literature (Boston, Ginn, 1913).

De Vere, A.: Essays, Chiefly on Poetry (New York, Macmillan, 1887).

Dawson, W. J.: Quest and Vision (London, Hedder, 1892; New York, Hunt). Dawson, W. J.:

The Makers of English Poetry (New York and London, Revell, 1906). ‚' Dowden, E.: "Last Words on Shelley," "Shelley's Philosophical View of Reform," Transcripts and Studies (London, Paul, 1888, 1910). Dowden, E.: "Renewed Revolutionary Advance." The French Revolution and English Literature (New York, Scribner, 1897, 1908). Edinburgh Review, The, "Posthumous Poems," July, 1824 (40:494).

Edmunds, E. W.: Shelley and His Poetry (New York. Dodge, 1912).

Edgar, P.: A Study of Shelley (Toronto, Briggs, 1899).

Forster. J.: Great Teachers (London, Redway, 1898).

Gardner, E. G.: "Mysticism of Shelley," The Catholic World, Nov., 1908 (88:145). Garnett, R.: "Shelley and Lord Beaconsfield," "Shelley's Views on Art," Essays of an Ex-Librarian (London, Heinemann, 1901). Gosse, E.: Questions at Issue (Chicago, Appleton, 1893).

Graham, W.: Last Links With Byron, Shelley, and Keats (London, Smithers, 1898). Hancock, A. E.: The French Revolution and the English Poets (New York, Holt, 1899). Hutton. R. H.: "Shelley and His Poetry," Literary Essays (London, Strahan, 1871; Macmillan, 1888, 1908).

Hutton. R. H.: "Shelley as Prophet," Brief Literary Criticisms (London and New York, Macmillan, 1906).

Johnson, C. F.: Three Americans and Three Englishmen (New York, Whittaker, 1886). Lang, A.: Letters to Dead Authors (London, Longmans, 1886, 1892; New York, Scribner, 1893).

Masson, D.: Wordsworth, Shelley, Keats, and Other Essays (London and New York, Macmillan, 1874).

More, P. E.: Shelburne Essays, Seventh Series (New York and London, Putnam, 1910). Myers, F. W. H.: In Ward's The English Poets, Vol. 4 (London and New York, Macmillan, 1880, 1911).

Nicholson, A. P.: "Shelley contra Mundum," The Nineteenth Century, May, 1908 (63:794). Payne, W. M.: The Greater English Poets of the Nineteenth Century (New York, Holt, 1907, 1909).

Quarterly Review, The, "Prometheus Unbound," Oct., 1821 (26:168); "The Revolt of Islam," April, 1819 (21:460).

Robertson, J. M.: New Essays Towards a Critical Method (London, Lane, 1897).

Salt, H. S.: A Shelley Primer (London, Reeves, 1887).

Schmitt, H.: "Shelley als Romantiker," Englische Studien, 1911 (44).

Shairp, J. C.: "Shelley as a Lyric Poet," Aspects of Poetry (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1881; Boston, Houghton),

Shelley Society Papers (London, 1886–).
Slicer, T. R.: P. B. Shelley: An Appreciation
(New York, Everett, 1903).
Stawell, Miss M.: "On Shelley's The Triumph of
Life," Essays and Studies by Members of the
English Association, Vol. 5 (Oxford, 1914).
Stephen, L.: "Godwin and Shelley," Hours in a
Library, 3 vols. (London, Smith, 1874-79 ;
New York and London, Putnam, 1899); 4 vols.
(1907).

Suddard, S. J. M.: Keats, Shelley, and Shakespeare Studies (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1912; New York, Broadway Publishing Co.). Swinburne, A. C.: "Notes on the Text of Shelley," Essays and Studies (London, Chatto, 1875).

Symons, A.: The Romantic Movement in English Poetry (London, Constable, 1909; New York, Dutton).

Thompson, F.: Works, 3 vols. (New York, Scrib

Thomson, ner, 1909, 1913).

James: Biographical and Critical Studies (London, Reeves, 1896). Todhunter, J.: A Study of Shelley (London, Paul, 1880).

Trent, W. P.: "Apropos of Shelley," The Authority of Criticism and Other Essays (New York, Scribner, 1899).

Winstanley, L.: "Platonism in Shelley," Essays and Studies by Members of the English Association, Vol. 4 (Oxford, 1913).

Winstanley, L.: "Shelley as Nature Poet," Englische Studien, 1904 (34).

Woodberry, G. E.: Studies in Letters and Life (Boston, Houghton, 1890); Makers of Literature (Macmillan, 1901).

Woodberry, G. E.: The Torch (New York, Mc

Clure, 1905; Macmillan, 1912). Woods, M. L.: "Shelley at Tan-yr-allt," The Nineteenth Century, Nov., 1911 (70:890). Yeats, W. B.: "The Philosophy of Shelley's Poetry," Ideas of Good and Evil (London, Bullen, 1903; New York, Macmillan). Young, A. B.: "Shelley and Peacock," Modern Language Review, 1907 (2).

Young, A. B.: "Shelley and M. G. Lewis," Modern Language Review, 1906 (1).

CONCORDANCE

Ellis, F. S.: A Lexical Concordance to the Poetical Works of Shelley (Leadon, Quaritch, 1892).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anderson, J. P.: In Sharp's Life of Shelley (1887).

Bradley, A. C.: "Short Bibliography of Shelley," Short Bibliographies of Wordsworth, etc. (English Association Leaflet, No. 23, Oxford, 1912).

Ellis, F. S.: An Alphabetical Table of Contents to Shelley's Poetical Works (London, Shelley Society Publication, Series 4, No. 6, 1888). Forman, H. B.: The Shelley Library, an Essay in Bibliography (London, Reeves, 1886).

CRITICAL NOTES

Shelley's Centenary1
4th August, 1892

Within a narrow span of time,

Three princess of the realm of rhyme, At height of youth or manhood's prime From earth took wing,

To join the fellowship sublime

Who, dead, yet sing.

He, first, his earliest wreath who wove Of laurel grown in Latmian grove,

Found calmer home,

'Twas like his rapid soul! "Twas meet
That he, who brooked not Time's slow feet,
With passage thus abrupt and fleet
Should hurry hence,

Eager the Great Perhaps to greet
With Why? and Whence?
Impatient of the world's fixed way,
He ne'er could suffer God's delay,
But all the future in a day
Would build divine,

And the whole past in ruins lay,
An emptied shrine.

Vain vision! but the glow, the fire,
The passion of benign desire,
The glorious yearning, lift him higher
Than many a soul

That mounts a million paces nigher
Its meaner goal.

And power is his, if naught besides,
In that thin ether where he rides,
Above the roar of human tides

To ascend afar,

Lost in a storm of light that hides His dizzy car.

35

40

45

50

Conquered by pain and hapless love

10

Roofed by the heaven that glows above

Eternal Rome.

By vast desire,

A fierier soul, its own fierce prey.

And ardor fledging the swift word With plumes of fire.

90

And cumbered with more mortal clay, At Missolonghi flamed away,

15

And left the air

Reverberating to this day

Its loud despair.

Alike remote from Byron's scorn

And Keats's magic as of morn

Bursting forever newly-born

On forest old,

To wake a hoary world forlorn
With touch of gold,

Shelley, the cloud-begot, who grew
Nourished on air and sun and dew,
Into that Essence whence he drew

His life and lyre

Was fittingly resolved anew

Through wave and fire.

30

1 From Selected Pocms of William Watson, copy

right 1902 by the John Lane Company.

20

25

While all the rapturous heart of things Throbs through his own,