Approaches to the History of Spain

achieved activities administrative Alfonso Andalusia appearance Aragon army attempt Aurignacian Barcelona became beginning bourgeoisie capital carried Castile Castilian Catalan Catalonia Catholic central century CHAPTER Charles Christian Church cities classes constituted continued Córdoba created crisis Crown of Aragon culture death decisive defend direction economic Empire encomiendas España established Europe fact factor Ferdinand forced foreign France French frontier Henry Hispania Hispanic historian ideas important industry institutional intellectual interests Islamic Italy John King Kingdom labor land Languedoc later latifundia León Liberal living Madrid major means Mediterranean military monarchy movement Muslim Navarre official organized original peasants Peninsula period person Philip political Portugal position possible problem reform regions reign result river role Roman royal ruled social society Spain Spanish spirit successive term tion trade University Valencia Vicens Vives Visigothic