Against Method

accepted anarchism archaic argument Aristotelian Aristotle assumption astronomy Chapter classical classical physics complex concepts contains contradiction Copernican Copernicus cosmology counterinductive criticism described detailed discovered discovery discussion domain earth Einstein elements empirical empiricism entities equant examination example exist experience explained facts Galileo Galileo Galilei Homer human hypotheses ibid ideas ideology Iliad important Imre Lakatos incommensurability Johannes Kepler judgement Kepler knowledge Lakatos laws logical Maestlin matter means method methodology modern moon motion moves naive realism natural interpretations objects observation language optics Parmenides perception phenomena Philosophy of Science physics planets point of view Popper practice principles problem procedure Ptolemy quantum theory question rational rationalists realistic reason refuted regarded relation relativity rules scientific scientists seen sense situation standards statements telescope text to footnote theoretical theory of relativity things tion traditions York