Psychologic Foundations of Education: An Attempt to Show the Genesis of the Higher Faculties of the MindD. Appleton, 1898 - 400 páginas "In offering this book to the educational public, I feel it necessary to explain its point of view. Psychology is too frequently only an inventory of certain so-called "faculties of the mind," such as the five senses, imagination, conception, reasoning, etc. And teachers have been offered such an inventory under the name of "educational psychology." It has been assumed that education has to do with "cultivating the faculties." Perhaps the analogy of the body has been taken as valid for the soul, and, inasmuch as we can train this or that muscle, it is inferred that we can cultivate this or that faculty. The defect of this mode of view is that it leaves out of sight the genesis of the higher faculties from the lower ones. Muscles are not consecutive, the one growing out of another and taking its place, but they are co-ordinate and side by side in space, whereas in mind the higher faculties take the place of the lower faculties and in some sort absorb them. Conception, instead of existing side by side with perception, like the wheels of a clock, contains the latter in a more complete form of activity. Sense-perception, according to the definition, should apprehend individual things, and conception should take note of classes or species. But conception really transforms perception into a seeing of each object as a member of a class, so that the line between perception and conception has vanished, and we can not find in consciousness a mere perception of an individual object, but only that kind of perception which sees the object in its process of production. This book is an attempt to show the psychological foundations of the more important educational factors in civilization and its schools. Special stress is laid on the evolution of the higher activities or faculties, and on the method of it"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). |
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Términos y frases comunes
action activity agnosticism animal Aristotle arrested development assimilation attention become belongs biped brain cause ceived centres cerebrum CHAPTER child conceive concept conscious doctrine ence energy environment existence experience external fact faculty feeling fissure fissure of Rolando freedom furnish gray matter habit Hegel hence Herbert Spencer higher human ideal implies important impressions individual infinite inorganic insight intellect introspection knowing limited logical logical condition major premise manifestation mechanical medulla oblongata memory method middle term mind moral motive movement nature negative unity nutrition object observation organic particular perceive perception phases phrenology physiological psychology plant predicate principle produce rational psychology reaction realize recognise recollection reflection relations reproducing second figure self-activity sensation sense sense-impressions sense-perception soul space species spiritual stage of thinking syllogism teleology thalami things third figure thought tion true universal valid modes vidual volition whole
Pasajes populares
Página 194 - The mental act in which self is known, implies, like every other mental act, a perceiving subject and a perceived object. If, then, the object perceived is self, what is the subject that perceives ? or if it is the true self which thinks, what other self can it be that is thought of?
Página 273 - In all things, to serve from the lowest station upwards is necessary. To restrict yourself to a trade is best. For the narrow mind, whatever he attempts is still a trade; for the higher an art; and the highest, in doing one thing, does all; or, to speak less paradoxically, in the one thing which he does rightly, he sees the likeness of all that is done rightly.
Página 199 - As to the first question, we may observe, that what we call a mind, is nothing but a heap or collection of different perceptions, united together by certain relations, and supposed, though falsely, to be endowed with a perfect simplicity and identity.
Página 199 - The difference betwixt these consists in the degrees of force and liveliness with which they strike upon the mind and make their way into our thought or consciousness. Those perceptions which enter with most force and violence we may name impressions ; and under this name I comprehend all our sensations, passions, and emotions, as they make their first appearance in the soul.
Página 24 - Or if it is the true self which thinks, what other self can it be that is thought of? Clearly, a true cognition of self implies a state in which the knowing and the known are one — in which subject and object are identified; and this Mr. Mansel rightly holds to be the annihilation of both.
Página 59 - Selfexistence, therefore, necessarily means existence without a beginning ; and to form a conception of self-existence is to form a conception of existence without a beginning. Now by no mental effort can we do this. To conceive existence through infinite past-time, implies the conception of infinite past-time, which is an impossibility.
Página 198 - ALL THE perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two distinct kinds, which I shall call impressions and ideas. The difference betwixt these consists in the degrees of force and liveliness with which they strike upon the mind and make their way into our thought or consciousness. Those perceptions which enter with most force and violence we may name impressions; and under...
Página 316 - ... for all the others. The higher animals and plants show the greatest difference between parts and whole. But in history it is the opposite. The lower types exhibit the greatest difference between the social whole and the individual citizen. The progress in history is toward freedom of the individual and local self-government. In the highest organisms of the state, therefore, there is a greater similarity between the individual and the national whole to which he belongs. The individual takes a...
Página 140 - Then come other natural elements to be regarded — those of sex — the seven ages from infancy to senility — the physical conditions that belong to sleep and dreams and the waking state — the health and disease of the body — the insane tendencies — the results of habits in hardening and fixing the life of the individual in some lower round of activity.
Página 346 - This is pantheism. It worships a negative might which destroys everything. If it admits that the world of finite things arises from Brahma as creator, it hastens to tell us that the creation is only a dream, and that all creatures will vanish when the dream fades. There can be no hope for any individuality, according to this belief. Any art that grows up under such a religion will manifest only the nothingness of individuality, and the impossibility of its salvation. Instead of beauty as the attribute...