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a very limited distribution, but in former days the whole series was connected, in locality as in form, by hosts of ancestors now extinct.

The Hippopotamidæ, or Hippopotamuses, formerly widely-spread over the whole world, have now only two surviving species, the larger Hippopotamus amphibius, which is met with in nearly all the great African lakes and rivers, and the smaller Liberian Hippopotamus (H. liberiensis) which has hitherto been found only in one of the rivers of Liberia. As regards the existing creation, therefore, this peculiar form of Ungulates must be regarded as strictly Ethiopian.

The second family of Swine-like Ungulates-the Warthogs (Phacocharide)—is also entirely confined to Africa, where two species are widely distributed from Upper Nubia, throughout Eastern Africa, down to the Cape Colony.

The true Suide, or Swine, to which the Wart-hogs are indeed closely allied, embrace three genera-Sus, Potamochoerus and Babirussa. The typical Swine (Sus) are found in the southern part of the Palearctic and the Oriental Regions, extending from Southern Europe, through Western Asia into India and the islands of the Indian Archipelago. It is difficult in many cases to ascertain what are the real wild species of this group, the domestic forms having varied much under domestication for many ages and having been carried by man all over the world. It is probable that the Swine of New Guinea-the so-called Sus papuensis-and those of other Eastern islands may be

descendants of domestic or semi-domestic animals.

In the Ethiopian Region the place of Sus is taken by the River-hog (Potamochoerus), with a slightly different

dentition. Two or Two or perhaps three distinct species of this genus have been generally recognized, but the recent researches of Dr. Forsyth Major (cf. P. Z. S. 1897, p. 359) tend to show that we are by no means yet well acquainted with the species of this difficult group. The third genus of Suida, the Babirussa, remarkable for the peculiar shape of its four tusks, exists only in the far-away island of Celebes and (perhaps introduced) in the adjacent island of Bouru. It must, therefore, be attributed to the Oriental Region, to which, we believe, we have now definitely shown (see above, p. 146) that Celebes must be referred.

The fourth and last family of Swine-like Ungulates contains only the Peccaries (Dicotyles) of the New World. The two species belonging to this genus range from Texas and the Southern United States down to Patagonia; and must be regarded as purely Neotropical in their geographical classification, although one of the species-the Collared Peccary-undoubtedly intrudes slightly within the boundaries of the Nearctic Region.

SECTION XIV.-SUMMARY AND DEDUCTIONS

Table of the genera of the Order Ungulata with the numbers of species belonging to the great Zoological Regions.

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