Spain in the Middle Ages: from frontier to empire, 1000-1500

al-Andalus alcabala Alfonso Almohads Almoravids Alvaro de Luna Andalusia Arabic Aragonese Aragonese party areas Barcelona became bishops Burgos caballeros Cambil Castile Castilian Catalan Catalonia chronicler Church colonists conquest constitutional conversos Cordoba cortes council count of Barcelona Crown of Aragon crusading cultural Duero ecclesiastical economic eleventh century established Europe example Ferdinand feudal fifteenth century fourteenth century France French frontier fueros Generalitat Genoese Granada Henry Iberian important income institutions Islam Jeronymite Jews John kharja king kingdom knights lands later medieval Leon lord lordships merchants military monarchy monasteries Moorish Moors Mozarabic Mudejars Muslim naval nobility nobles officials oligarchies organised pactism parias Partidas Peter political population Portugal princes privileges problems reconquest reform region reign religious remensa repopulation royal power Santiago seigneurial Seville Sisnando social society Spain Spanish Taifa taxes thirteenth century Toledo towns townsmen trade tradition translated Trastamaran twelfth century unrest urban Valencia vassals Zaragoza