Spain in the Middle Ages: From Frontier to Empire, 1000-1500

al-Andalus Alfonso already Arabic Aragon Aragonese areas authority Barcelona became caballeros Castile Castilian Catalan Catalonia Christian Church civil constitutional continued conversos Córdoba cortes council count course court Crown Crown of Aragon crusading cultural Death early economic effects English established Europe example existence fact families Ferdinand forced fourteenth century France French frontier Granada granted groups hand Henry Iberian important income influence institutions interest Italy John kharja king kingdom lands late later lived lord medieval merchants military monarchy monasteries Mozarabic Muslim nature nobility nobles officials period Peter political population practical princes privileges problems reconquest region religious representative result royal rulers seen Seville social society Spain Spanish subjects success thirteenth century Toledo towns trade tradition translated twelfth University Library UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA/SANTA urban Valencia