History of the Pacific States of North America: Mexico - Hubert Howe Bancroft - Google Libros

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Control-Flight of Gelves-Triumphant Entry of the Archbishop-

Reactionary Measures by the Audiencia-The Viceroy under Re-

straint-His Vain Negotiations for Return to Power-Gathering

Evidence-Measures by the King-Cerralvo Sent as Viceroy-Nomi-

nal Restoration of Gelves and Triumphant Entry-Proceedings

against the Rioters-Fate of Serna and Gelves-Significance of the

KING AND COLONY.

Defence Measures-The Dutch at Acapulco-Corsair Reids along the

Coast of Yucatan-The Barlovento Squadron-Royal Loans and Ex-

tortions-Inundation of Mexico-Proposed Removal of the Capital—

Relief Measures and Drainage Projects-The Huehuetoca Tunnel-

San Felipe the Protomartyr of Mexico-His Irregular Life and Beat-

ification-The Hermit Lopez-Viceroy Cadereita-The Prelate Zú-

ñiga-The First Creole Archbishop....

ADMINISTRATION OF VICEROYS ESCALONA, PALAFOX, AND SALVATIERRA.

Viceroy Escalona's Arrival—The Bishop and Visitador Palafox-Quarrels

about Doctrinas-A Covetous Ruler-Fruitless Complaints-Start-

ling News from Portugal-Escalona's Sympathies--An Insolent Cap-

tain-Viceroy versus Bishop-Palafox Made Archbishop and Governor

of New Spain-Secret Preparations-The Stroke against Escalona—

His Vindication in Spain-Palafox an Able Viceroy-Iconoclasm-

Episcopal Labors at Puebla-Viceroy Salvatierra Arrives-California

Explorations-Salvatierra's Rule.....

JESUIT LABORS AND STRIFES.

The Field of Jesuit Labors-The First Disputes with the Church of

Puebla-Attitude of Palafox-Relations between the Bishop and the

Jesuits--Open Hostility-Appointment of Judges-Palafox Sen-

tenced-He Retaliates-His Flight from Puebla-The Victorious So-

ciety-The Bishop Returns-General Reprimands from Spain-The

Jesuits Defeated in Rome-Revival and Conclusion of the Quar-

rel-Life of Palafox in Spain-His Death-Disputes with the Society

about Tithes-The Jesuits at the Close of the Century.....

CONTENTS.

VICEROYS TORRES, ALVA, AND ALBURQUERQUE.

Bishop Torres Governor of New Spain-His Brief Rule-Epidemic-Gov-

ernment of the Audiencia-Viceroy Alva Arrives-His Quiet Rule-

Alburquerque Appointed Viceroy-He Governs with Prudence-And

Checks Abuses-Loss of Jamaica and the Influence thereof on New

Spain-Yucatan Infested by Pirates--Attempt to Assassinate Albur-

querque-The Swift Punishment that Followed-Public Rejoicings—

Viceroy and Archbishop Recalled-Their Departure and Subsequent

FIVE MORE VICEROYS.

vii

An Uneventful Period-Good Rulers-Marshal Cárlos de Luna y Arre-

llano-The Government of the Towns-The Monarch as a Mendi-

cant-Governor Juan de Vergas-His Maleadministration-The Li-

centiate Carvajal Takes his Residencia-Indian Revolts-The Suc-

cession of Rulers-Campeche Fortified-Soberanis and Martin de

Ursúa-More Dissensions-Excommunication of Soberanis-Con-

cerning the Conquest of the Itzas-Conduct of Ursua Justified, and

his Subsequent Promotion-His Qualities as a Soldier the Cause of

his Preferment......
152

THE SACK OF VERA CRUZ, AND OTHER PIRATICAL RAIDS.

The Corsairs in Central America and New Spain-Laguna Appointed Vice-

roy-Van Horn the Sea Rover-The Pirates Resolve to Attack Vera

Count de Baños, the Twenty-third Viceroy-A New Order of Things-

Indian Revolt at Tehuantepec-An Arbitrary Ruler-Character

of the Man-He is Replaced by Archbishop Osorio-The Prelate's

Brief but Beneficent Government-A Native of Mexico Made Arch-

bishop-Arrival of Marquis Mancera-His Efficient Rule-Cali-

fornia Explorations-The Cathedral of Mexico-Its Dedication —

Mancera's Wise Policy-Eruption of Popocatapetl and Other Calam-

ities-Veraguas, Descendant of Columbus, as Viceroy-Ilis Un-

timely Death-Archbishop Ribera Succeeds-His Character and

Good Government-He Declines New Honors-His Retirement to

Spain, and Death......

Cruz-The Corsair Lorencillo-A Clever Stratagem-Vera Cruz

Surprised by Buccaneers-The Inhabitants Imprisoned in the

Churches—And Kept for Three Days without Food or Water-The

Captives Taken to the Island of Sacrificios-Departure of the Cor-

sairs-Division of the Booty-News of the Raid Received in Mexico-

Further Operations of the Freebooters—Dampier and Others in the

South Sea-End of Laguna's Administration...

THE PROVINCE OF VERA CRUZ.

Extent of the City of Vera Cruz-Entrepôt of Commerce-Character of

the Population-Prosperity of the People-Its Inhabitants-Its

Trade-Scarcity of Water-The Black-vomit-The Port of Vera

Cruz-The Fortress of San Juan de Ulúa-Its Garrison-The Works

Cost Nearly Forty Millions of Pesos-Cessation of Buccaneering

Raids-The Towns of Córdoba, Jalapa, and Orizaba..........

FLOOD, FAMINE, AND ECLIPSE.

Laguna's Administration-His Successor, the Conde de Galve-The Pirates

Driven from the South Sea-War with France-Pirates in the North

Sea-The Armada de Barlovento-Union of Spanish and English

against the French-Drought and Flood-Loss of Crops-Excesses

of the Soldiery-Death of María Luisa-The Drainage System-Por-

tentous Events-The Bakers Refuse to Bake-Efforts of the Viceroy. 221

CORN RIOT IN THE CAPITAL.

Increased Murmurs-Rumored Grain Speculations of the Viceroy-An

Imprudent Preacher-The Léperos-Pulque Shops-Inefficient Forces

at Command-Awaiting Opportunity-Affair at the Granary-The

Viceroy Threatened-Outbreak-Death to the Officials!-The Palace

Set on Fire-The Plaza Stalls also Fired-Robbery and Murder—

Executions-Revolt at Tlascala-Sale of Pulque Prohibited-Re-

building of the Palace-Affairs in New Mexico.....

VICEROYS MONTAÑEZ AND MONTEZUMA.

More Insurrections in the Capital-The Baratillo Suppressed-Narrow

Escape of the Treasure Fleet-Another Famine-Montezuma Suc-

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ceeds Montañez-Fair at Acapulco-Obsequies on the Death of

Carlos II.-Rejoicings at the Accession of Felipe V.-Montezuma

Suspected of Disloyalty-A Worthy Ruler Deposed-Jesuit Expedi-

tions to Lower California....

NEW SPAIN AT THE OPENING OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

Montañez Viceroy for a Second Term-His Formal Entry into the Capi-

tal-Loss of Treasure Ships-The Hermandad and Acordada-Mon-

tañez Appointed Archbishop of Mexico-Alburquerque's Reign—

His Character Illustrated-Captain Dampier Once More in the

South Sea-A Privateering Expedition Fitted Out by Bristol Mer-

chants-A Motley Crowd on Board the Ships-Their Voyage round

the World-Enormous Profits of the Enterprise-Linares' Adminis-

tration-Earthquake, Famine, and Flood-Contraband Trading-

Valero's Rule-Attempted Assassination-Corsairs in Yucatan......... 268

Boundaries of the Territory-Its Governors-The Audiencia of Guadala-

jara-Its Jurisdiction and Powers-Local Government-Corregimien-

tos and Alcaldias Mayores-Cities, Towns, Villages, and Mining

Districts-The Capital-A City of Office-holders-Treasury Depart-

ment-Industrial Progress-Mines-Quicksilver Monopoly and its

Effects-Agriculture and Stock-raising-Labor, Commerce, and Ship-

building-Population and Local Statistics..
. 296

THE CONQUEST OF NAYARIT.

The Last Refuge of Idolatry in Nueva Galicia-Geography of Nayarit--

Characteristics of the Natives-Partial Success of Arisbaba in 1618--

Trouble at Acaponeta-Massacre of Bracamonte and his Party in

1701-Revolt at Colotlan―The Barefoot Friars-Mendiola's Expedi-

tion and the First Jesuit Attempt-The Tonati Visits Mexico-His

Treaty and his Flight-Preparations and Obstacles at Zacatecas-

Camp at Peyotlan-Flores in Command-Assault on the Mesa-The

Nayarits Subdued and Conquest Achieved--Progress of the Mis-

sions....
... 310

PROGRESS IN NUEVO LEON, AND CONQUEST OF SIERRA GORDA

AND TAMAULIPAS.

Governors Agustin de Zavala, Juan Ruiz, Martin de Zavala-Congre-

gas--Uprising of Natives-And Final Subjection-Political Divis-

ion-Secularization of Missions-And Consequent General Insurrec-

tion-Governor Barbadillo-His Prudent Measures-More Difficul-

ties-Population of Province-Sierra Gorda-Death of Zaraza--

Governor José de Escandon-His Pacification and Conquest of Sierra

Gorda--Condition of Tamaulipas-Escandon is Appointed Gover-

nor-He Founds Nuevo Santander-Numerous Towns and Missions

are Founded-Statistics for 1757-General Progress of the Colonies. 333

THIRTY-SEVENTH TO FORTY-THIRD VICEROYS.

Bi-centennial of European Occupation-Viceroy Casafuerte-He Encour

ages Public Improvements-Peaceful Progress-Death of the Vice-

roy-His Successor Archbishop Vizarron-Negro Insurrection at

Córdoba-Its Suppression by the Military-Ravages of Epidemic-

Viceroy Conquista's Rule-Fuenclara Arrives-Commodore An-

son-He Captures the 'Covadonga'-Spanish Jealousy-Persecution

of Boturini-Loss of Valuable Manuscripts-Administration of Re-

villa Gigedo-His Trafficking Propensities-Famine, Disease, and

Earthquakes-Fuenclara Resigns-Viceroy Amarillas-His Poverty

and Death-The Audiencia Rules-Short Administration of Viceroy

VICEROYS FORTY-FOUR TO FORTY-SIX.

Viceroy Marqués de Cruíllas-King Carlos III. Proclaimed--War with

Great Britain-Extensive and Costly Preparations against Possible

Attacks-Visitador-general José de Galvez-His Eminent Services

in Mexico and Spain-Cruíllas' Relief and Harsh Treatment-Vice-

roy Marqués de Croix-He Supports Galvez-His Rule Approved-

Promotion, Recall, and Future Career-Unjust Strictures-Viceroy

Frey Antonio María Bucarelli-General Measures of his Long Rule-

His Death-Temporary Rule of the Audiencia-Fourth Ecclesiasti-

cal Council-Its Acts-Archbishop Francisco Antonio Lorenzana-

His Course in Mexico and Spain-He is Made a Cardinal-Future

Carcer and Death.

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