The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft ...: History of Mexico. 1883-87 - Hubert Howe Bancroft - Google Libros

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CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME.

OPENING OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.

Character of Viceroy Monterey–Vizcaino's Exploration-Attempted In-

tercourse with Japan-Montesclaros' Firm Rule-Velasco Again

Made Viceroy-Mexico under Water–The Drainage Work of Hue-

huetoca is Begun-A Great Engineering Feat, yet Inefficient-Negro

Revolt-Progress of Settlement in Nueva Vizcaya, Sinaloa, and

Sonora-A New Policy for Conquest_Uprising of the Acaxées and

Xiximes—The Tepehuane War-Protective Measures for Indians-

Archbishop Guerra's Brief Rule as Viceroy-Pompous Funeral Cere-

monies—The Timid Audiencia and the Pigs-Spilbergen at Aca-

pulco-Increase of Corruption under Viceroy Guadalcázar...

QUARREL OF THE VICEROY AND ARCHBISHOP.

Appointment of Gelves—His Energetic and Extensive Reforms—Which

are Forced also on the Clergy-Hostility of Gaviria and the Regi.

dores-Archbishop Serna Roused—Moral Laxity in New Spain--Ar-

rest of Varaez-Serna Interferes—The Viceroy is Excommunicated-

Attitude of the Oidores—The Papal Delegate Plays a Part— More

Anathemas—The Prelate Forces Himself into the Presence of the

Audiencia-He is Exiled and Carried Away-Imprisonment of Re-

pentant Oidores—A Mexican Á Becket..

OVERTHROW OF GELVES.

The Interdict Launched against the Capital—Excitement among the

Populace - The Rabble in Arms-Attack on the Palace—The Gov.

ernment Declared Vested in the Oidores—Their Schemes to Secure

!

Control-Flight of Gelves—Triumphant Entry of the Archbishop-

Reactionary Measures by the Audiencia—The Viceroy under Re-

straint-His Vain Negotiations for Return to Power-Gathering

Evidence-Measures by the King--Cerralvo Sent as Viceroy–Nomi-

nal Restoration of Gelves and Triumphant Entry – Proceedings

against the Rioters-Fate of Serna and Gelves-Significance of the

Defence Measures — The Dutch at Acapulco-Corsair Raids along the

Coast of Yucatan—The Barlovento Squadron-Royal Loans and Ex-

tortions—Inundation of Mexico-Proposed Removal of the Capital-
Relief Measures and Drainage Projects—The Huehuetoca Tunnel-
San Felipe the Protomartyr of Vexico-His Irregular Life and Beat-
ification--The Hermit Lopez-Viceroy Cadereita—The Prelate Zú-
ñiga—The First Creole Archbishop...

ADMINISTRATION OF VICEROYS ESCALONA, PALAFOX, AND SALVATIERRA.

Viceroy Escalona's Arrival-The Bishop and Visitador Palafox-Quarrels

about Doctrinas-A Covetous Ruler-Fruitless Complaints-Start-

ling News from Portugal—Escalona's Sympathies—An Insolent Cap-

tain-Viceroy versus Bishop-Palafox Vade Archbishop and Governor

of New Spain-Secret Preparations—The Stroke against Escalona-

His Vindication in Spain-Palafox an Able Viceroy-Iconoclasm-

Episcopal Labors at Puebla— Viceroy Salvatierra Arrives-California

Explorations--Salvatierra's Rule....

The Field of Jesuit Labors—The First Disputes with the Church of

Puebla-Attitude of Palafox-Relations between the Bishop and the

Jesuits-Open Ilostility-Appointment of Judges-Palafox Sen-

tenced-He Retaliates--IIis Flight from Puebla,The Victorious So-

ciety-The Bishop Returns-Gencral Reprimands from Spain- The

Jesuits Defeated in Rome-Revival and Conclusion of the Quar-

rel-Life of Palafox in Spain-IIis Death-Disputes with the Society

about Tithes—The Jesuits at the Close of the Century....

CONTENTS.

vii

CILJPTER VII.

VICEROYS TORRES, ALVA, AND ALBURQCERQCE.

Eishop Torres Governor of New Spain-His Brief Rule-Epidemic-Gov.

ernment of the Audiencia–Viceroy Alva Arrives-His Quiet Rule-

Alburquerque Appointed Viceroy--He Governs with Prudence- And

Checks Abuses-- Loss of Jamaica and the Influence thereof on New

Spain-Yucatan Infested by Pirates--Attempt to Assassinate Albur-

querque–The Swift Punishment that Followed-Public Rejoicings-

Viceroy and Archbishop Recalled–Their Departure and Subsequent

An Uneventful Period--Good Rulers--Marshal Cárlos de Luna y Arre-

llano-The Government of the Towns- The Monarch as a Mendi.

cant-Governor Juan de Vergas-His Maleadministration–The Li-

centiate Carvajal Takes his Residencia-Indian Revolts-The Suc-

cession of Rulers-Campeche Fortified-Soberanis and Martin de

Ursúa – More Dissensions --Excommunication of Soberanis-Con-

cerning the Conquest of the Itzas--Conduct of Ursua Justified, and

his Subsequent Promotion-His Qualities as a Soldier the Cause of

his Preferment..

FIVE MORE VICEROYS.

Count de Baños, the Twenty-third Viceroy-A New Order of Things-

Indian Revolt at Tehuantepec-An Arbitrary Ruler-Character

of the Man-He is Replaced by Archbishop Osorio-The Prelate's

Brief but Beneficent Government-A Native of Mexico Made Arch-

bishop-Arrival of Marquis Mancera-Ilis Efficient Rule-Cali-

fornia Explorations—The Cathedral of Mexico-Its Dedication --

Vancera's Wise Policy-Eruption of Popocata petl and Other Calam-

ities–Veragnas, Descendant of Columbus, as Viceroy–His Un-

timely Death-Archbishop Ribera Succeeds-His Character and

Good Government-He Declines New Honors-His Retirement to

Spain, and Death......

THE SACK OF VERA CRUZ, AND OTHER PIRATICAL RAIDS.

The Corsairs in Central America and New Spain-Laguna Appointed Vice-

roy-Van Horn the Sea Rover- The Pirates Resolve to Attack Vera

Cruz-The Corsair Lorencillo-A Clever Stratagem-Vera Cruz

Surprised by Buccaneers-The Inhabitants Imprisoned in the

Churches--And Kept for Three Days without Food or Water--The

Captives Taken to the Island of Sacrificios-Departure of the Cor-

sairs-Division of the Booty-News of the Raid Received in Mexico-

Further Operations of the Freebooters---Dampier and Others in the

South Sea--End of Laguna's Administration....

THE PROVINCE OF VERA CRUZ.

Extent of the City of Vera Cruz-Entrepôt of Commerce-Character of

the Population-Prosperity of the People-Its Inhabitants-Its

Trade-Scarcity of Water—The Black-vomit-The Port of Vera

Cruz-The Fortress of San Juan de Ulúa-Its Garrison-The Works

Cost Nearly Forty Millions of Pesos-Cessation of Buccaneering

Raids—The Towns of Córdoba, Jalapa, and Orizaba.....

FLOOD, FAMINE, AND ECLIPSE.

Laguna's Administration-His Successor, the Conde de Galve-The Pirates

Driven from the South Sea-War with France-Pirates in the North

Sea-The Armada de Barlovento-Union of Spanish and English

against the French-Drought and Flood-Loss of Crops—Excesses

of the Soldiery-Death of María Luisa—The Drainage System-Por-

tentous Events—The Bakers Refuse to Bake-Efforts of the Viceroy. 221

CORN RIOT IN THE CAPITAL,

Increased Murmurs--Rumored Grain Speculations of the Viceroy-An

Imprudent Preacher-The Léperos-Pulque Shops--Inefficient Forces

at Command-Awaiting Opportunity-Affair at the Granary—The

Viceroy Threatened-Outbreak-Death to the Officials !—The Palace

Set on Fire-The Plaza Stalls also Fired-Robbery and Murder-

Executions—Revolt at Tlascala-Sale of Pulque Prohibited-Re-

building of the Palace-Affairs in New Mexico.....

VICEROYS MONTAÑEZ AND MONTEZUMA.

More Insurrections in the Capital—The Baratillo Suppressed— Narrow

Escape of the Treasure Fleet-Another Famine-Montezuma Suc-

ceeds Montañez-Fair at Acapulco-Obsequies on the Death of

Carlos II. -Rejoicings at the Accession of Felipe V.-Montezuma

Suspected of Disloyalty-A Worthy Ruler Deposed—Jesuit Expedi-

tions to Lower California...

NEW SPAIN AT THE OPENING OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

Montañez Viceroy for a Second Term-His Formal Entry into the Capi.

tal-Loss of Treasure Ships—The Hermandad and Acordada-Mon-

tañez Appointed Archbishop of Mexico-Alburquerque's Reign-

His Character Illustrated-Captain Dampier Once More in the

South Sea-A Privateering Expedition Fitted Out by Bristol Mer.

chants-A Motley Crowd on Board the Ships—Their Voyage round

the World—Enormous Profits of the Enterprise-Linares' Adminis-

tration-Earthquake, Famine, and Flood-Contraband Trading-

Valero's Rule-Attempted Assassination-Corsairs in Yucatan..... 268

Boundaries of the Territory-Its Governors—The Audiencia of Guadala-

jara--Its Jurisdiction and Powers-Local Government-Corregimien-

tos and Alcaldias Mayores—Cities, Towns, Villages, and Mining

Districts—The Capital-A City of Office-holders— Treasury Depart-

ment-Industrial Progress-Mines-Quicksilver Monopoly and its

Effects-Agriculture and Stock-raising-Labor, Commerce, and Ship-

building-Population and Local Statistics...

THE CONQUEST OF NAYARIT.

The Last Refuge of Idolatry in Nueva Galicia--Geography of Nayarit,

Characteristics of the Natives Partial Success of Arisbaba in 1618-

Trouble at Acaponeta--Massacre of Bracamonte and his Party in

1701–Revolt at Colotlan- The Barefoot Friars—Mendiola's Expedi-

tion and the First Jesuit Attempt—The Tonati Visits Mexico-His

Treaty and his Flight-Preparations and Obstacles at Zacatecas-

Camp at Peyotlan-Flores in Command--Assault on the Mesa— The

Nayarits Subdued and Conquest Achieved-Progress of the Mis-

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