Structural and Cultural Determinants of Fertility in Europe

1965 birth cohort analysis Austria Belgium Bulgaria characterized childbirth childcare children per woman cohorts born completed fertility concerning costs of childbearing countries belonging cultural and structural Czech Republic differences duties East Central Europe East Germany Eastern Europe economic employment of mothers enter employment Esping-Andersen family policies fertility levels France Frejka and Sardon full-time employment gender groups of countries household human capital Hungary income individual Ireland Italy labor market level of childlessness level of fertility level of support low level macro methodological individualism motherhood Netherlands Nordic Nordic countries Norway number of children opportunity costs parents part-time employment part-time jobs period fertility rates Poland Portugal postponed births postponement of births postponement of childbearing preferences recuperation effect regimes respondents result risk roles Romania second birth selected European countries Slovenia sources of incompatibility Spain Sweden total fertility rates typology variables welfare West Central women born women's employment worker-carer model youngest cohorts