After having pafled through Oropus in Attica, where the foothlayer Anphilochus was honoured as a god, he came to Athens, a city celebrated by ancient renown, where abundance of objects prefented themselves to his view, well capable of infpiring and pratifying his curiofity: the citadel, the ports, the walls which joined the Pira us to the city, the arichals for the navy, erected by illuftrious generals, the ftatues of gods and men, in which it was hard to know, whe ther the matter or art were moft admirable. He did not forget to offer a facrifice to Minerva, the tutclary goddefs of the citadel.

Whilft Paulus Æmilius was in that city, he demanded an Excellent philofopher of the Athenians to hnifh the education of his children, and a fine painter to defign the ornaments of his triumph. They immediately caft their eyes upon Metrodorus, who excelled both in philofophy and painting: a very fingular and extraordinary praife, which was confirmed by experience, and the approbation of Paulus Amilius. We here fee the attention paid by the great men of antiquity to the education of their children. The fons of that Roman general were then of fome age, the youngest of the two, who made the campaign in Macedonia with his father, being at that time feventeen years old. He thought it neceffary, however, to have a philofopher with them, capable of forming both their minds by the study of the fciences, and their manmers by that of moral virtue, which of all fludies is the mof important, and yet the mof neglected. To know what are the effects of fuch an education, we have not only to confider the future greatnefs of the youngest of the two fons of this conful, who inherited the name and merit of Scipio Africanus, his grandfather by adoption, and of Paulus Emilius, his natural father; who ruined Carthage and Numantia; who distinguished himfelf as much by polite learning and the fciences, as by his military virtues; who held it for his honour to have Polybius the hiftorian, Panrtius the philofopher, and Terence the poet, for his friends and companions; who, in a word, to ufe the terms of a * writer of excellent fenfe, never faid, did, or thought, any thing unworthy a Roman. Paulus Amilius, having found the precious treafure he fought, in the perfon of Metrodorus, left Athens well fatisfied.

He arrived in two days at Corinth. The citadel and ifthmus were an agreeable fight to him. The firft, which was fituated

upon

ac Audiorum eminentiffimus feculi fui, qui nibil in vita nifi laudando rra aut fecit, aut dixit ac fenfit, Patre

P. Scipio Emilianus, vir avitis P. Anicani paternifque L Pauli virtutibus fimillimus; omnibus belli ac toga dotibus, ingeniique | 1. i, c. 12.

upon the top of a mountain, abounded with ftreams and fountains of exceedingly pure water; and the isthmus, which feparated by a very fmall neck of land two neighbouring feas, the one on the east, and the other on the weft of it.

Sicyon and Argos, two very illuftrious cities, were the next in his way, and afterwards Epidaurus, lefs opulent than the two others, but well known from the famous temple of Afculapius, where he faw an infinite multitude of rich prefents, the offerings of fick perfons, out of gratitude for the cures they imagined to have received from that god.

Sparta was not diftinguished by the magnificence of its buildings, but by the wifdom of its laws, cuftoms, and difcipline.

Having taken Megalopolis in his way, he arrived at Olympia, where he faw abundance of things worthy of admiration; but when he caft his eyes upon the ftatue of Jupiter, Phidias's mafter-piece, he was as much ftruck, fays Livy, as if he had feen the god himself, and cried out, that This Jupiter of Phidias was the exact Jupiter of Homer*. Imagining himfelf in the Capitol, he offered a more folemn facrifice here than he had done any where else.

Having made the tour of Greece in this manner, without giving himself any trouble to know people's thoughts in regard to Perfeus, and to avoid giving the allies any caufe of difcontent, he returned to Demetrias. He had met on his way a number of Etolians, who came to inform him of an unhappy accident which had befallen their city. He ordered them to attend him at Amphipolis. Having received advice, that the ten commiffioners had already paffed the fen, he quitted all other affairs, and went to meet them at Apollonia, which was only one day's journey from Amphipolis. He was very much furprized to meet Perfeus there, whom his guards fuffered to go about with abundance of liberty, for which he afterwards warmly reproved Sulpitius, to whofe care he had confided that important prifoner. He put him, with Philip his fon, into the hands of Pofthumius, with orders to guard him better. For his daughter and younger fon, he caufed them to be brought from Samothracia to Amphipolis, where

he ordered fuch care to be taken of them as their birth and condition required.

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* To bave fo well expreffed the idea of Homer is bigbly to the praise of Phidias; but the baving fo well conceived

The

all the majefty of God is much more to that of Homer.

The commiffioners (b) being come thither, as had been agreed on by them, and having entered the chamber of the affembly, where a great number of Macedonians were prefent, he took his feat in his tribunal, and after having caufed filence to be made by the crier, Paulus Æmilius repeated in Latin the regulations made by the fenate and by himself, in conjunction with the commiffioners, relating to Macedonia. The principal articles were, that Macedonia was declared free; that it should pay the Romans only half the tribute paid the king, which was fixed at the fum of 100 talents, or 100,000 crowns; that it fhould have a public council, comrofed of a certain number of fenators, wherein all affairs fhould be difcuffed and adjudged; that it should be divided for the future into four regions or cantons, that should each have their council, in which particular affairs fhould be examined; and that no perfon fhould contract marriage, or purchafe lands or houfes out of their own canton. Several other articles of lefs importance were annexed to thefe. The prætor Octavius, who was prefent in this affembly, explained the feveral articles in Greek, as Paulus Æmilius pronounced them in Latin. The article of liberty, and that for the diminution of tribute, gave the Macedonians exceeding pleasure, who little expected them: but they looked upon the division of Macedonia into different regions, that were not to have their ufual commerce with each other, like the rending a body in pieces, by feparating its members, which have no life, and fubfift only in their mutual fupport of each other.

The conful (i) afterwards gave audience to the Etolians. I shall relate elsewhere the fubject of it.

After thofe foreign affairs were over, (k) Paulus Æmilius recalled the Macedonians into the affembly, in order to put the laft hand to his regulations. He spoke at first upon the fenators, who were to compofe the public council, wherein the national affairs were to be tranfacted, and the choice of them was left to the people. A lift was then read of the principal perfons of the country, who were to be fent into Italy, with fuch of their children as had attained the age of fifteen. This article feemed very hard at firft; but it was foon perceived, that it had been refolved only for the better fecurity of the people's liberty. For this lift included the great lords, generals of the army, commanders of the fleet, all fuch as had any offices at the court, or had been employed in embaffies, with many other officers accustomed to pay their court to the king in the abject manner of flaves, and to command others (k) Ibid. n. 32.

(b) Liv. 1. xlv. n. 29, 30.

(i) Ibid. n. 31.

others with infolence. These were all rich perfons who lived at a great expence, had magnificent equipages, and would not easily be reduced to a quite different kind of life, in which liberty makes the whole people equal, and fubjects all to the laws. They were therefore all ordered to quit Macedonia, and tranfport themselves into Italy, upon pain of death for fuch as difobeyed. The regulations made for Macedonia by Paulus Æmilius were fo reasonable, that they did not feem calculated for conquered enemies, but for faithful allies, with whom there was entire reason to be fatisfied; and the effects, from which the nature of laws are best known, proved, that there was nothing to be amended in the inftitutions of that wife magiftrate.

To these serious affairs (1) fucceeded a celebration of games, for which preparations had long been making, and to which care had been taken to invite all the most confiderable perfons in the cities of Afia and Greece. The Roman general offered magnificent facrifices to the gods, and gave fuperb feats; the king's treafures fupplying him abundantly with the means of defraying fuch great expences; but for the good order and fine tafte abfervable in them, he was indebted folely to himself. For having fo many thoufands to receive, he evidenced fo nice a difcernment, and fo exact a knowledge of the quality of all the guefts, that every one was lodged, placed, and treated according to his rank and merit; and there was nobody who had not reafon to praife his politenefs and generofity. The Greeks could not fufficiently admire, that even in games, till then unknown to the Romans, he fhould inftance fo diftinguishing a judgment and attention; and that a man employed in the greateft, fhould not neglect the least propriety in imall affairs.

He had caused all the fpoils that he did not think fit to carry to Rome to be piled up in one great heap; bows, quivers, arrows, javelins, in a word, arms of all forts; and caufed them to be difpofed of in form of trophies. With a torch in his hand, he fet fire to them firft himfelf, as his principal officers did after him.

He afterwards expofed to the view of the fpectators, upon a place raised exprefly for the occafion, all that was richest and most magnificent in the fpoils he had taken in Macedonia," and which were to be carried to Rome; rich moveables, ftatues, and paintings of the greatest mafters, veffels of gold, filver, copper, and ivory. Never had Alexandria, in the times

I 3

(1) Plut. in Paul. Æmil. p. 270. Liv. 1. xlv. n. 32.

which Paulus Æmilius had caufed to be made, and weighed ⚫ten talents, was valued for the gold only at 100,000 crowns. It was adorned with jewels, and confecrated to Jupiter Capi

tolinus.

Befides thefe rich spoils and treasures, which were carried in pomp, was feen the chariot of Perfeus, with his arms, and upon his arms his royal diadem. At fome diftance followed his chil ren, with their governors, preceptors, and all the officers of their houshold, who fhedding tears held out their hands to the people, and taught thofe little captives to do the fame, and to endeavour, by their fupplications and prayers, to move them in their favour. They were two fons and a daughter, who had little fenfe of the greatnefs of their calamity, from the tenderness of their years; a circumstance which ftill more excited compaffion. All eyes were fixed upon them, whilft their father was fcarce regarded, and in the midft of the public joy, the people could not refrain from tears at fo mournful a fight.

King Perfeus walked after his children and all their train, wrapt in a mourning cloke. His air and behaviour feemed to argue, that the excefs of his misfortunes had turned his brain. He was followed by a troop of his friends and courtiers, who hanging down their heads and weeping, with their eyes always fixed upon him, fufficiently explained to the fpectators, that, little affected with their own misfortunes, they were fenfible folely to thofe of their king.

It is faid, that Perfeus fent to defire Paulus Emilius not to exhibit him as a fpectacle to the Romans, and to spare him the indignity of being led in triumph. Paulus Emilius replied coldly, The favour be afks of me is in his own poruser, he can procure it for himself. He reproached in thofe few words his cowardice and exceffive love of life, which the Pagans thought it incumbent on them to facrifice generously in fuch conjunctures. They did not know, that it is never lawful to attempt upon one's life. But Perfeus was not prevented by that confideration,

Paulus Æmilius, feated in a fuperb chariot, and magnificently adorned, closed the march," He had his two fons on each fide of him.

Whatever compaffion he had for the misfortunes of Perfeus, and however inclined he might be to ferve him, all he could do for him was to have him removed from the public prison to a more commodious place. Himfelf and his fon Alexander were carried, by the order of the fenate, to Alba, where he

» The talent weigbed fixty pounde.

was