A Short History of Political Economy in England: From Adam Smith to Arnold ToynbeeMethuen and Company, 1891 - 201 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
abstract Adam Smith advantage agricultural amount applied argument ARNOLD TOYNBEE Bagehot Bank of England banker bill-brokers buyers Cairnes capital and labour cash cash-reserve chapter circumstances Cliffe Leslie commerce commodities competition conception considerations Corn Laws criticism cultivation demand division of labour economic inquiry Economic Studies economists effects employed English essay exchange expenses of production facts gold greater historical method important improvement individual industry influence interest investigation Jevons JOHN ELLIOTT CAIRNES land landlord laws less Lombard Street London Malthus manufactures marginal utility means ment Mill Mill's moral natural liberty normal price obtained original perhaps period Political Economy position possessed practical present Principles of Political produce profits quantity recognised remarks result Ricardo rise seems sellers social reform society statistical supply tended theory of rent theory of value Toynbee trade utility wages Wealth of Nations workman writings wrote
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Página 16 - The fourth and last maxim may be called that of economy ,- for, according to it, "every tax ought to be so contrived as both to take out and to keep out of the pockets of the people as little as possible, over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the state.
Página 16 - THE annual labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences of life which it annually consumes, and which consist always either in the immediate produce of that labour, or in what is purchased with that produce from other nations.
Página 17 - ... it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head ; to make the head requires two or three distinct operations ; to put it on is a peculiar business, to whiten the pins is another ; it is even a trade by itself to put them into the paper ; and the important business of making a pin is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which, in some manufactories, are all performed by distinct hands, though in others the same man will...
Página 46 - Population invariably increases where the means of subsistence increase, unless prevented by some very powerful and obvious checks. 3. These checks, and the checks which repress the superior power of population, and keep its effects on a level with the means of subsistence, are all resolvable into moral restraint, vice, and misery.
Página 28 - The gold and silver money which circulates in any country may very properly be compared to a highway, which, while it circulates and carries to market all the grass and corn of the country, produces itself not a single pile of either.
Página 15 - The maxim of equality enjoins • that the " subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state."- ,The second maxim is that of I certainty.
Página 9 - All systems either of preference or of restraint, therefore, being thus completely taken away, the obvious and simple system of natural liberty establishes itself of its own accord. Every man, as long as he does not violate the laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue his own interest his own way, and to bring both his industry and capital into competition with those of any other man, or order of men.
Página 13 - What is the species of domestic industry which his capital can employ, and of which the produce is likely to be of the greatest value, every individual, it is evident, can, in his local situation, judge much better than any statesman or lawgiver can do for him.
Página 92 - I now had opinions; a creed, a doctrine, a philosophy; in one among the best senses of the word, a religion; the inculcation and diffusion of which could be made the principal outward purpose of a life.
Página 96 - The social problem of the future we considered to be, how to unite the greatest individual liberty of action, with a common ownership in the raw material of the globe, and an equal participation of all in the benefits of combined labour.