the root. See that root in Parkhurst's | signifies partitions; and, therefore, denotes Lexicon. the stones to have been ragged; and sharp pointed were most fit for his purpose (see De Dieu). Gesen. Gesen.-Hiph. in, to will, but used in two senses, viz. 1. Of one who undertakes that which he wills, however difficult, implying active volition, i. q. to take upon oneself, to assay; Sept. often apxopal, to begin. Seq. gerund. Gen. xviii. 27, 31; Josh. xvii. 12; Judg. i. 27, 35; 1 Sam. xvii. 39. Seq. verb. fin. dovrdérws, Deut. i. 5. No ', for I have not yet tried them. adj. smooth. 1 Sam. xvii. 40 i. e., five smooth stones. See Prof. Lee.-, m. pl. constr. Smooth (pieces) of stones, 1 Sam. xvii. 40, al. Gesen., Thes.-Hiph. i, voluit. Triplici modo dicitur. Ac 1) de eo, qui id quod vult non occ. Arab., acutus, radere aptus. aggreditur, et, licet arduum sit, conatur (vom Brook. See notes on Numb. xxiv. 26, thätigen Wollen, Angreifen, Unternehmen). vol. i., 610. p. LXX undecies ἄρχομαι. Deut. i. 5: bin Which he had, &c.-drew near to the Phi .Moses aggressus est | listine, משֶׁה בֵּאֵר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת interpretari hanc legem. 1 Sam. xvii. 39: Ged., Booth.-Which he had with him; media mat, conatus est ire, nam thus with a scrip and a sling in his hand, he (antea) non tentaverat. drew near to the Philistine. Ged. And over his armour [Saul] begirt him [LXX, so Booth.] with his own sword. Once and again [LXX, so Booth.], David essayed to walk in this armour; but could Ver. 43. כִּי אַתָּה בָא אֵלַי בַּמַּקְלוֹת וַיְקַלֵּל no, because he was unexperienced the therefore said to Saul: "I cannot walk in these; as I am not experienced." Booth.—And over his armour he girded [LXX] his own sword. Once and again [LXX] David attempted to go, but could not; for he had not been accustomed to them. And David said to Saul, I cannot go with these, for I have not been accustomed to them, &c. Ver. 40. καὶ ἔλαβε τὴν βακτηρίαν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐξελέξατο ἑαυτῷ πέντε λίθους λείους ἐκ τοῦ χειμάῤῥου, καὶ ἔθετο αὐτοὺς ἐν To kadio to tolμevik@ tô övti auto els guλογὴν, καὶ σφενδόνη αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ. καὶ προσῆλθε πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα τὸν ἀλλόφυλον. Au. Ver.-40 And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook [or, valley], and put them in a shepherd's bag [Heb., vessel] which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand and he drew near to the Philistine. Smooth stones. Bp. Patrick.-Or rather cleft stones: not καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ἀλλόφυλος πρὸς Δαυίδ, Ωσεὶ κύων ἐγώ εἰμι, ὅτι σὺ ἔρχῃ ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἐν ῥάβδῳ καὶ λίθοις ; καὶ εἶπε Δαυίδ, Οὐχὶ, ἀλλ ̓ ἢ χείρων κυνός· καὶ κατηράσατο ὁ ἀλλόφυλος τὸν Δαυὶδ ἐν τοῖς θεοῖς αὐτοῦ. Au. Ver.--43 And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. With staves. Geddes, Booth.-With staves and with stones [LXX]. By his gods. So Houb., Patrick. Dathe, Geddes, Boothroyd.-By his god [Dagon]. Ver. 46. Au. Ver.-46 This day will the LORD deliver thee [Heb., shut thee up] into mine hand, and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, &c. The carcases. Ged., Booth.-Thy carcase, and [LXX] the carcases, &c. Ver. 50. Au. Ver.-50 So David prevailed over whole and entire, but broken. For the word the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him ; Ged.-52 And the men of Israel and of but there was no sword in the hand of Judah arose and shouted, and pursued the David. Pilkington, Dathe, Ged., and Booth. suppose that this verse is an interpolation. Pilkington.—The next passage omitted in the Vatican copy is the 50th verse of chap. xvii., which is a sort of a recapitulation that is entirely needless; the sense is complete, and the connexion regular, without it. The connexion, in the Vatican copy, stands thus: 49 The Philistine fell upon his face to the earth. Philistines unto the entrance of Gath [LXX, Ver. 54-58; CHAP. XVIII. 1—5. 51 And David ran and stood upon him, against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, and took his sword, &c. When this is mentioned, was it at all necessary, was it at all proper, to say, in the preceding verse, that there was no sword in the hand of David, after the particulars of his accoutrements had been given us in the 40th verse? and when we are told in the 39th, that after he had girded on his sword upon his armour, and had assayed to go, finding them inconvenient, he put them off from him? the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is 56 And the king said, Enquire thou 57 And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul, with the head of the Philistine in his hand. 58 And Saul said to him, Whose son art thou, thou young man? And David answered, I am the son of thy servant Jesse Dathe. Hic versus interrumpit seriem narrationis et aliis verbis modo dicit, quod the Beth-lehemite. in versu antecedenti jam dictum erat. Non legitur in cod. Vat. Houbigant.—50 Sic David vicit Philisthæum funda lapide, percussumque interfecit. 51 Nam quia gladium non habebat, ivit festinanter, &c. Hunc versum omisere Græci Intt. non tamen omittendum. Nam constat series, neque otiosa est, eo non sublato: vide versionem. Ver. 52. CHAP. XVIII. 1 And it came to pass, when he had made an end of speaking unto Saul, that the soul of Jonathan was knit with the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul. 2 And Saul took him that day, and would let him go no more home to his father's house. 3 Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him as his own soul. 4 And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to וַיִּרְדְּפוּ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּים עַד־בּוֹאֲךָ בַּיְא ,David, and his garments, even to his sword וְעַד שַׁעֲרֵי עֶקְרוֹן וַיִּפְּלוּ חַלְלֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים καὶ ἀνίστανται ἄνδρες Ἰσραὴλ καὶ Ἰούδα, καὶ ἐλάλαξαν, καὶ κατεδίωξαν ὀπίσω αὐτῶν ἕως εἰσόδου Γεθ, καὶ ἕως τῆς πύλης Ασκάλωνος" καὶ ἔπεσον τραυματίαι τῶν ἀλλοφύλων ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ τῶν πυλῶν καὶ ἕως Γεθ, καὶ ἕως ̓Ακκαρών. Au. Ver.-52 And the men of Israel and of Judah arose, and shouted, and pursued the Philistines, until thou come to the valley, and to the gates of Ekron. And the wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim, even unto Gath, and unto Ekron. and to his bow, and to his girdle. 5 And David went out whithersoever Saul sent him, and behaved [or, prospered] himself wisely : and Saul set him over the men of war, and he was accepted in the sight of all the people, and also in the sight of Saul's servants. Pilkington, Dathe, Ged., and Booth. suppose that these verses are an interpolation; they are wanting in the Vatican edition of the LXX. Pilkington.-54 From the 54th verse of the 17th chapter to the 6th of the 18th, we have an account, 1st. That when Saul saw to the king, xviii. 8. Is it therefore to be imagined, that he would, at that time, invest him with so much power and authority? On the contrary, we are told, xviii. 13, that "Saul removed him from him, and made him captain over a thousand." And, on the whole, I am persuaded, that these nine verses have been interpolated; there are no trace of them in the Vatican copy of the Greek version; and, leaving them out, the connexion is entire, and the whole account altogether probable and consistent: xvii. 54, "And David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to Jerusalem; and he put his armour in his tent. xviii. 6, And as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, the women came out of all the cities of Israel, &c."-Pilkington's Remarks upon Several Passages of Scripture, p. 65, &c. Jebusitæ David go forth against the Philistine, neither | upon the return from the slaughter of the he, nor Abner, the captain of the host, knew Philistine, Saul conceived a jealousy against who the young man was. 2dly. That David upon the women's ascribing more Jonathan, Saul's son, instantaneously con- merit and honour to him, than they had done ceived a violent affection for him, loved him as his own soul, and stripped himself of all his armour, and his garments, to give them to David. And 3dly. That Saul set him over his men of war. Accounts, which, when examined, will neither appear probable, nor consistent with the other parts of this history. For 1st. I have already had occasion to observe, that David's first introduction to Saul is represented to have been upon account of his being a skilful musician: and that he had so far gained upon Saul's affections, that he had made him his armourbearer, and advanced him to a post, that required his frequent attendance upon the king's person and 2dly. That Saul knew whose son this youth was, because he had sent to Jesse, to let him know that his son had found favour in his sight. 3dly. That Saul should so readily permit a youth, that was unknown to him, to accept the challenge of Goliath, and risk the fate of all Israel upon his success, according to the terms the giant had proposed, xvii. 9, will either not easily gain credit, or will be looked upon as a remarkable instance of rashness and indiscretion in the king of Israel. 4thly. To suppose this to have been the first introduction of David to the king and court, must make the account here given of Jonathan's affection to him, and his manner of expressing it, appear very extraordinary. Admitting him to have been in the family before; an officer, in high esteem with the king; and who had, upon other occasions, shown himself to be "a mighty valiant man and prudent in matters, and a comely person, and one favoured of the Lord;" as he is represented xvi. 18, these shew the grounds XVIII. 5. Hebr. viris belli. Quod, nisi of Jonathan's regard for him; and well locus suspectus esset, de parte tantum exeraccount for that affection of his towards David, mentioned in other places, and in a different manner. See xix. 2 and xx. 17. 5thly. How are we to understand those words, "And Saul set him over the men of Houb.-55 Cujus filius hic est? Saül, id war?" To take them in their full extent, quærens, opinionem affert, se nondum nosse we must suppose the command to be taken, quis sit David, cum tamen antea narratum away from Abner, and David made captain fuerit Davidem lyra cecinisse ejusque armiof the host. But, on the contrary, we find gerum fuisse. Propterea multi credunt hæc, Abner at Saul's side, xx. 25, and mentioned quæ hic de pugna Goliath narrantur, antea as still being captain of the host, xxvi. 5. evenisse, quam David coram Saule lyra Besides, we are informed, that immediately caneret; itaque ordinem rei narratæ fuisse Dathe-54 Hic versus legitur quidem in cod. Vat., sed repugnat illorum temporum historiæ. Hierosolymam tunc tenebant, et quem in finem David caput Goliathi in hanc urbem detulisset? Josephus (Antiquitt, lib. vi., cap. 9, sect. 5) ad evitandam illam repugnantiam rem sic narrat: Davidem caput Goliathi in tentorium suum reportasse, gladium autem Deo consecrasse. 58 Quis non hæreat in his versibus? Saulus Davidem, armigerum suum, qui sæpe eum cithara sua exhilaravit, non agnoscit; Abnero quoque, homini aulico, ignotus est. - Perquam ingeniosus sit, qui hujus ignorantiæ causam probabilem (modo non ineptam, quam vulgo dari non ignoro) potest indicare. Non leguntur hi versus in cod. Vat. citus esset explicandum. Nam Abner dux erat exercitus. Sed infra vers. 13 in loco genuino narratur, ducem mille militum Davidem a Saulo esse constitutum. perturbatum. Nos rei narratæ ordinem, ut initio hujus capitis usque ad hæc verba leest, relinquimus. Nam tollitur omnis dif- guntur, pugnant cum his, quæ sequuntur. ficultas, modo sumatur Saülem, cum hæc Si Saulus ipse illo die, quo ex pugna resuscitabatur, spiritu eo malo, qui eum ex- dibant, invidiam erga Davidem concepisset, agitabat, fuisse correptum et mente alie- non tot in eum favoris et benevolentiæ signa natum; quod ipsum significare Abner ostendisset. videtur, qui respondet asseveranter, nec sine Pool. When David was returned from the juramento, se non nosse, cujus filius sit slaughter of the Philistine; either, first, David; ne, si respondeat Davidem, esse From some eminent victory obtained by him illum filium Isai, quem accersivit Saul fecit- against the Philistines, though not parque armigerum suum, monere Saülem vi- ticularly related, wherein also Saul might be deatur, ipsum eum, qui hæc sciscitetur, esse present and concerned. Or rather, secondly, mente alienatum. Propterea etiam Abner From the slaughter of Goliath, and the non interrogat Davidem cujus sit filius, sed other Philistines with him. Against this it eum ad Saülem adducit, ut ipse de se et de is objected, that this song was sung either suo patre respondeat, dissimulatorem agens, after David was advanced and employed, as ut solent regum purpurati. Denique illi, is related ver. 5, and therefore not immequi ordinem, quem nunc habemus, inter-diately after that great victory; or, before vertere volunt, pugnant cum versu 15 ubi he was so advanced; and then it would have narratur Davidem a Saule discessisse, post- raised Saul's jealousy and envy, and consequam fratres ejus ad bellum profecti essent. quently hindered David's advancement. Nam si discessit, ergo aderat Saüli, antequam But it may be replied, that this song, though Goliath interficeret. Denique responderi placed afterwards, was sung before David's potest, ut fecit Saurinus, non inquirere advancement, related ver. 5. And that this Saülem, quis sit David, sed cujus filius; quia | did not hinder David's preferment, must be ejus intererat scire, cujus familiæ esset is adolescens, cui filiam suam promiserat se uxorem daturum, si vinceret Philistæum. Ver. 6. ascribed partly to Saul's policy, who, though he had an eye upon David, and designed to crush him upon a fit occasion; yet saw it necessary for his own reputation, and the encouragement of other men's valour, and for the satisfaction of Jonathan's passionate desire, and the just and general expectation of the whole army and people, to give himn הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי וַתֵּצֵאנָה הַנָּשִׁים מִכָּל־עָרֵי ; some considerable preferment for the present יִשְׂרָאֵל לָשׁוֹר וְהַמְחֹלוֹת לִקְרַאת שָׁאוּל nibhen לשיר קרי καὶ ἐξῆλθον αἱ χορεύουσαι εἰς συνάντησιν Δαυὶδ ἐκ πασῶν πόλεων Ἰσραὴλ ἐν τυμπάνοις, καὶ ἐν χαρμοσύνῃ, καὶ ἐν κυμβάλοις. Au. Ver.-6 And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine [or, Philistines], that the women came out of all cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet king Saul, with tabrets, with joy, and with instruments of music [Heb., three-stringed instruments]. And it came to pass as they came, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Philistine. Dathe, Ged, and Booth. suppose that these words are an interpolation. They are wanting in Cod. Vat. Dathe.-Cod. Vat. incipit ab his verbis: , ותצאנה הנשים ruling Saul, against his own inclination, and and principally to God's providence over his mistaken interest. Out of all cities of Israel, i. e., out of all the neighbouring cities, by or through which the victorious army marched. Singing and dancing, according to the custom of those times and places; of which see Exod. xv. 20; Judg. xi. 34. Singing and dancing. , ברבינא,Ita etiam Syrus Houb.-Recte Masora, ad cantandum. Sed post legendum, cum choris, ut Chald., qui a. cum sistris. Nam desiderat verbi societatem, nec credere licet hæc, exibant mulieres et chori, esse ev dià dvoîv. With joy. Ged., Booth. With flutes. Gesen. f. (r. pp) joy, gladness, rejoicing, Ps. iv. 8; xlv. 16. Spec. a) The loud expression of joy, as songs of joy, shouts of rejoicing, Gen. xxxi. 27; Neh. xii. 43; 2 Chr. xxiii. 18; xxix. 30. b) Fes זו tivity, i. e., festive banquets, pleasures, Judg. xvi. 23, &c. Instruments of music. Ged., Booth.-With triangles. i. e., an instrument of music struck in con music. Plur. 1 Sam. xviii. 6. Ver. 8-12. וְלִי נָתְנוּ הָאֲלָפִים וְעוֹד לוֹ אַךְ ,A third. 2. A triangle .1 הַמְלוּכָה: 9 וַיְהִי שָׁאוּל עוֹן אֶת דָּוִד cert with drums, as in modern military 10 וַיְהִי מֵהַיּוֹם הַהוּא וָהָלְאָה: מִמָּחָרָת וַתִּצְלַח רוּחַ אֱלֹהִים וּ רָעָה ו-Prof. Lee. A musical instrument ; ac אֶל־שָׁאוּל וַיִּתְנַבֵּא בְתוֹךְ־הַבַּיִת וְדָוִד cording to some a triangle ; others, a harp TT: IT with three strings. מְנַבֵּן בְּיָדוֹ כִּיוֹם בְּיוֹם וְהַחֲנִית בְּיַד־ (שלטים) Dr. A. Clarke. The original word שָׁאוּל : ו וַיָּטֶל שָׁאוּל אֶת־הַחֲנִית וַיֹּאמֶר ; signifies instruments with three strings אַפֶּה בְדָוִד וּבַקִיר וַיִּלָּב דָּוִד מִפָּנָיו Vulgate, cum siatris, * with sistrums. This פַּעֲמָיִם: 12 וַיִּרָא שָׁאוּל מִלִפְנֵי דָוִד כִּי־ instrument is well known as being used .9 .v עוין קרי and is, I think, properly translated by the among the ancient Egyptians: it was made of brass, and had three, sometimes more, brass rods across; which, being loose in their holes, made a jingling noise when the instrument was shaken. Ver. 7. 8 καὶ πονηρὸν ἐφάνη τὸ ῥῆμα ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς Σαούλ περὶ τοῦ λόγου τούτου, καὶ εἶπε, Τῷ Δαυὶδ ἔδωκαν τὰς μυριάδας, καὶ ἐμοὶ ἔδωκαν τὰς χιλιάδας. 12 καὶ ἐφοβήθη Σαούλ ἀπὸ προσώπου Δαυὶδ. Au. Ver.-8 And Saul was very wroth, and the saying displeased him [ieb., was הִכָּה שָׁאוּל בַּאֲלָפָוֹ וְדָוִד בְּרִבְבֹתָיו : Au. Ver.-7 And the women answered one another as they played, and said, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands. evil in his eyes]; and he said, They have ascribed unto David ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed but thousands and what can he have more but the kingdom ? 9 And Saul eyed David from that day and forward. 10 And it came to pass on the morrow, that the evil spirit from God came upon Saul, and he prophesied in the midst of the house and David played with his hand, as Dathe, Ged.-Sung alternately, respon- at other times: and there was a javelin in sively. Answered one another. Saul hath slain his thousands. : Saul's hand. 11 And Saul cast the javelin; for he said, I will smite David even to the wall with it. And David avoided out of his presence twice. Dr. A. Clarke. As it cannot literally be true that Saul had slain thousands, and David ten thousands; it would be well to translate the passage thus: Saul hath smitten 12 And Saul was afraid of David, because or fought against thousands; David against the LORD was with him, and was departed tens of thousands. "Though Saul has been from Saul. victorious in all his battles; yet he has not Ver. 8. Pool. What greater honour can they give had such great odds against him as David has had: Saul, indeed, has been opposed by thousands; David, by ten thousands." We him but that of the kingdom? Or thus, may here remark that the Philistines had And moreover, this will not rest here, they drawn out their whole forces at this time; will certainly give him the kingdom; they and when Goliath was slain, they were totally discomfited by the Israelites, led on chiefly by David. will translate the crown from me to him. Or thus, And moreover, the kingdom certainly belongs to him, i. e., I now perceive Houb., Dathe, Ged., Booth.-Saul hath that this is the favourite of God, and of the smitten his thousands, &c. people; this is that man after God's own |