then in the Tower; he speaks of them as a contumacious and untameable race, only to be restrained by force. He mentions his apology as lately published. He adds that the queen had determined not to send any one to the council of Trent; and speaks of a design to publish the reasons why none attended from England. He says, that, in his opinion, at that time no good could be promoted by those assemblies, nor would God make use of such means to diffuse the gospel. He also adverts to the affairs of Scotland, then a subject of much importance to England on account of the uncertainty respecting the suc

cession.

Martyr died in the same year, and but few of Jewell's letters to the other reformers appear. He was now deeply occupied by his laborious writings, and in the care of his diocese. The differences at home continued and increased. They are noticed by Jewell in his letters to Bullinger.

But Jewell was not unmindful of his former friends at Zurich. He continued to correspond with them, and Strype mentions that in the year 1565, having received from Bullinger a copy of his comment upon Daniel, and a work upon Joshua, from Lavater, he sent them a present of twenty crowns to be disposed of as they thought fit. He also sent annually the same sum to Julius, who had been Martyr's friend and assistant. Soon afterwards, many foreigners, exiles for religion, took shelter in this country, and were assisted by Jewell and others.

In a letter to Bullinger, dated January 1566, Jewell attributes his less frequent correspondence to his numerous occupations, particularly the controversies with their foreign enemies, with whom he had to contend almost alone. The refugees at Louvain in particular, wrote most bitterly against himself. He then enters more particularly into the history of these controversies as already given. The distance of their respective dioceses, had so separated him from some of his former fellow exiles that he had not seen them for three years.

In another letter, dated February 1566, he thus expresses himself:-" "The contention respecting the ecclesiastical linen garment is not yet at rest. It disturbs weak minds not a little. And I wish that all, even the slightest, vestiges of popery could be removed from the churches, and much more from the minds of all men. But at this time the queen cannot bear my change with respect to religion." Elizabeth's situation was one of great political difficulty. The pope had openly denounced her as a heretic, the Romanists in England were engaging in conspiracies against her life, and she was very apprehensive of evil consequences from any measures which should displease that large number of her subjects, who were not disposed to adopt the views either of the papists or the puritans. In the

Burnet, and although their advice was not followed by either party, their interference probably was in some degree beneficial.

following month, Jewell wrote again to Bullinger respecting some points to be noticed in his defence of the apology.

In another letter of Jewell's to Bullinger, February 29, 1667, he mentions that the Romish divines of Louvain were very clamorous, and that, he knew not why, they all attacked him, so that while engaged in answering them he must not be accounted idle. He then speaks of the debates respecting the succession which caused much discussion, and adds, "As to religion, the matter respecting vestments excites considerable disturbances. It is certain that the queen will not give way. Some of our brethren, indeed, contend respecting this matter as if all our religion turned upon that one point. So that they prefer to renounce their offices, and to leave the churches vacant, rather than to depart a very little from their opinions. Nor are they willing to be influenced by your writings, or those of Gualther, or other pious men. Let us, however, thank God that he has not suffered us to be agitated at this time by more important discussions. One only of our number, the bishop of Gloucester, (Cheyney,) openly and boldly declares his approbation of the Lutheran opinions respecting the eucharist." Although the subjects which then interested the puritans cannot be considered as trivial, yet any one who is acquainted with the painful results of the differences in Germany on the sacramental question, will fully enter into this expression of thankfulness on the part of Jewell, that the English reformation was not agitated or impeded by the disputes on that subject.*

In addition to Jewell's controversies with the Romanists already mentioned, his attention about this time was engaged by the bull of pope Pius V. lately sent into England, in which a curse was pronounced against the queen, her authority declared null and void, her subjects absolved from their allegiance and exhorted to rise in rebellion against her. Jewell replied to these doctrines in a series of sermons preached in his cathedral, the substance of which was printed under the title of A View of a seditious Bull, &c. This bull plainly showed to Elizabeth that she could not hope to reign in England but as a protestant queen, unless she would submit to all the doctrines of the church of Rome. The efforts of the papal court were directed to place a popish sovereign on the English throne, and the English papists were divided into two parties, which still

* Some of the English jesuits afterwards assumed the character of puritan ministers, that they might promote these differences. One, named Heath, a jesuit, was detected by a letter which he dropped while preaching in Rochester cathedral, in 1568. Amongst his papers was found a license from the pope to preach what doctrine the jesuits pleased, for the dividing of protestants. He was brother to Heath archbishop of York in the reign of queen Mary, and after preaching in various parts of England for six years, had applied to the dean of Rochester for preferment, who gave him a turn of preaching in the cathedral.

continue. One of these followed the papal mandates as blindly as any of the nations on the continent; the other admitted the secular jurisdiction of their sovereign, independent of papal authority.*

Jewell's last public labours appear to have been in the convocation, which met in the spring of 1571. It was then ordered, that the book of articles agreed upon in 1562 should be subscribed by all the clergy, and that the articles now again approved, should be printed under the superintendence of bishop Jewell. In this year also he preached a sermon at Paul's cross, in which he referred to the ceremonies and state of the church, and blamed the spirit in which some among the separatists acted. He mentioned this sermon when upon his death-bed.

His life now drew near to its close. He was naturally of a spare and thin habit of body, which he wore still further by his labours in study, writing, preaching, and travelling, He thus apparently hastened his death, before he was fifty years of age.

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Bishop Jewell appears to have had a presentiment of his proaching departure. In the year 1570, in his letters to the bishop of Norwich, after he had certified him of the death of Dr. Alley, bishop of Exeter, he added these words, “ And I must follow him;” and in another letter he said: “I would to God we might meet and talk together; but now it is too late, it makes not much matter; I hope we shall see one the other in heaven. Flux, flux, that is, in the German tongue, quick, quick, make haste; if you make any delay, I shall prevent you.'

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The same year that he died, February 3, he postscribed another letter thus: "There is a rumour of the calling a parliament, which if it be true, then perhaps we shall embrace one the other before death; my death, I say, not yours; for you shall yet in this life sing, the strong and immortal God."

The following account of the last days of bishop Jewell, is given by his biographer:-"The supernatural motions of God's Spirit within him in the end, became, as it were, naturally more effectual in the conclusion; and the last endeavours of grace in him were most vehement. For, after his return from a conference at London, he began a new and more severe visitation through his whole diocese than ever before, correcting the vices of the clergy and laity more sharply, enjoining them in, some places tasks of holy tracts to be learned by heart, conferring orders more circumspectly, and preaching oftener.

These prrceedings of the pope caused insurrections of the Romanists and continual conspiracies against Elizabeth during the remainder of her reign, which led to severe enactments against popish recusants and the missionaries sent to England from Rome to advocate these treasonable doctrines. It has been justly observed by Mr. Townsend, that, "When the bull of deposition can be called a religious action, then may the self-defence of Elizabeth be denominated persecutionthen only may the defenders of the bull be justly said to suffer for religion.'

"By which restless labour and watchful cares he brought his feeble body so low, that as he rode to preach at Lacock, in Wiltshire, a gentleman friendly admonished him to return home for his health and strength's sake; saying, that such straining his body in riding and preaching, he being so exceedingly weak and ill affected, might bring him in danger of his life; assuring him, that it was better the people should want one sermon, than be altogether deprived of such a preacher. To whom he replied, It becometh best a bishop to die preaching in the pulpit;' seriously thinking upon the comfortable eulogy of his master, Happy art thou, my servant, if, when I come, I find thee so doing.' Wherefore, that he might not deceive the people's expectation, he ascended the pulpit; and now nothing but spirit, his flesh being pined away and exhausted, read his text out of the fifth to the Galatians, Walk in the spirit;' and with much pains made an end of it.

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"Presently after his sermon, his disease growing more upon him, forced him to take to his bed, and to think of his dissolution, as now not far off. In the beginning of his extreme fits, he made his will, considering therein his brother and his friends with some kind remembrances, but bestowing the rest more liberally upon his servants, scholars, and the poor of Sarum. The Saturday following, nature with all her forces, being able no longer to hold fight with the disease, shrinking and failing, he called all his household about him, and, after an exposition of the Lord's prayer, thus began his sweet song:

"I see I am now to go the way of all flesh, and I feel the arrows of death already fastened in my body; wherefore I am desirous, in few words, while yet my most merciful God vouchsafeth me the use of my tongue, to speak unto you all. It was my prayer always unto Almighty God, since I had any understanding, that I might honour his name with the sacrifice of my flesh, and confirm his truth with the oblation of this my body unto death in the defence thereof; which, seeing he hath not granted me in this, yet I somewhat rejoice and solace myself, that it is worn away and exhausted in the labours of my holy calling. For while I visit the people of God, God my God hath visited me. With Mr. Harding, who provoked me first, I have contended in my writings, not to detract from his credit and estimation, nor, to my knowledge, to patronize any error, nor to gain the vain applause of the world, but, according to my poor ability, to do my best services to God and his church. My last sermon at Paul's cross, and conference about the ceremonies

* Strype says, that bishop Jewell died while on a journey to visit the diocese of Bristol, by direction of the primate. That diocese was then vacant; a former commission to bishop Cheyney, authorizing him to hold it in commendam with Gloucester, having been withdrawn in consequence of Cheyney's attachment to some of the tenets of the Lutherans, which had a tendency to popery.

and state of our church, were not to please any man living, nor to grieve any of my brethren, who are of a contrary opinion, but only to this end, that neither part might prejudice the other, and that the love of God might be shed in the hearts of all the brethren, through the Spirit that is given us. And I beseech almighty God, of his infinite mercy, to convert or confound the head of all these evils, and ringleader of all rebellions, disorders, and schism, the bishop of Rome, who, wheresoever be setteth foot, soweth seeds of strife and contention. I beseech him also long to preserve the queen's majesty, to direct and protect her council, to maintain and increase godly pastors, and to grant to his whole church unity and godly peace. Also, I beseech you all that are about me, and all others whom I ever offended, to forgive me. And now that my hour is at hand, and all my moisture dried up, I most earnestly desire of you all this last duty of love, to pray for me, and to help me with the ardency of your affection, when you perceive me, through the infirmity of my flesh, to languish and wax cold in my prayers. Hitherto I have taught you and many others; now the time is come wherein. I may, and desire, to be taught and strengthened by every one of you.'

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Having thus spoken, and something more to the like purpose with much pain and interruption, he desired them to sing the 71st psalm, which begins thus: In thee, O Lord, I put my trust, let me never be confounded; himself joining, as well as he could, with them; and when they recited those words, Thou art my hope, O Lord God, my trust even from my youth, he added, Thou only wast my whole hope; and as they went forward saying, Cast me not off in time of age, forsake me not when my strength faileth me; yea even to mine old age and gray head, forsake me not, O God; he made this application to himself: He is an old man; he is truly gray-headed, and his strength faileth him, who lieth on his death-bed. To which he added other thick and short prayers, as it were pulses, so moved by the power of God's Spirit, saying, 'Lord, take from me my spirit; Lord, now let thy servant depart in peace. Break off all delays; suffer thy servant to come unto thee; command him to be with thee; Lord, receive my spirit.'

"Here, when one of those who stood by prayed with tears that if it might stand with God's good pleasure, he would restore him to former health, Jewell, overhearing him, turned his eyes, as it were offended, and spake to him in the words of Ambrose : 'I have not lived so that I am ashamed to live longer; neither do I fear to die, because we have a merciful Lord. A crown of righteousness is laid up for me; Christ is my righteousness. Father, let thy will be done; thy will, I say, and not my will, which is imperfect and depraved. O Lord, confound me not. This is my to-day; this day quickly let me come unto thee; this day let me see the Lord Jesus.'