"With these words the dcor was shut by the base sound of the grinding, and the daughters of singing were abased, the silver cord lengthened no more; the golden ewer was cracked, and the pitcher broken at the well; yet the keepers, though with much trembling, stood erect, and they that looked out of the windows, though dark, yet were fixed towards heaven, till after a few fervent, inward prayers of devotion, and sighs of longing desire, the soul returned to God that gave it.* M. Ridley, the steward of his house, shut his eyes in the year of our Lord 1571, September 22, about three of the clock in the afternoon, when he was almost fifty years of age.

"Such was the life and death of bishop Jewell, a most worthy trumpet of Christ's glorious gospel. What now remains, but that we mournfully complain, in the words of Jerome, concerning the death of Fabiola: The spouse of Christ hath lost a most precious jewel.' Or rather, because he shined so bright in divine virtues, both in his life and death, we are to rejoice for his happy translation. This jewel is not lost, which Christ hath taken from off the ring of his spouse, which is his church, and set it in a crown of purest gold upon her head, which is himself the Saviour of his elect, where he shineth in glory for evermore. Lord, adorn and enrich continually thy church with such JEWELS; deck her cheeks with rows of such rubies, and her neck with chains; make her borders of gold, with studs of silver. Amen.”

Some other interesting particulars respecting bishop Jewell may now be inserted.

His memory was raised by art to the highest pitch of human possibility; for he could repeat faithfully any thing he had penned, as he had penned it, after once reading. By art his memory was made so firm in keeping things committed unto it, that he was wont to say that if he were to make a premeditated speech before a thousand auditors, shouting or fighting all the while, yet he could say all that he had provided to speak.

And so quick also was he in receiving, that when Parkhurst proposed unto him many barbarous and hard names out of a calendar, and Hooper forty strange words, Welsh, Irish, and outlandish terms, he, after once or twice reading at the most, and short meditating, repeated them all by heart, backward and forward. What is yet more strange, when the lord keeper Bacon before the bishop of Norwich and others, at his own table, read only unto him the last clause of ten lines in Erasmus's paraphrase, confused and dismembered of set purpose, he, sitting silent for a while, and covering his face with his hand, on the sudden rehearsed all those broken parcels of sentences, the right way and the contrary, without any stay or stumbling. He professed to teach others this skill, and taught it to his tutor, Parkhurst, beyond the sea, insomuch that, spending but

* Ecclesiastes xii.

one hour in the day in it, in a very short time he learned all the gospels backward and forward, by the benefit of this artificial memory, setting his places and images in clue. Jewell placed a high value on the Institutions of Calvin, which he was accustomed to recommend to his friends-by industrious application, he had it almost entirely by heart.

Though his memory were so great and so improved, yet he would not entirely rely upon it, but entered in common-place books whatever he thought he might afterwards have occasion to use; which, as the author of his life informs us, were many in number and great in quantity, being a vast treasure of learning and a rich repository of knowledge, into which he had collected sacred, profane, poetic, philosophic, and divine notes of all sorts; and all these he had again reduced into a small piece or two, which were a kind of general indexes. These he made use of at all times when he was to speak or write any thing; but they were drawn up in characters for brevity, and thereby so obscure that they were not of any use, after his death, to any other person. And besides these, he always kept a diary, in which he entered whatever he heard or saw that was remarkable; which once a year he perused, and extracted whatever was most important.

From hence it came to pass that when Harding, in their great controversy, abounded only in words, Jewell overwhelmed him with a cloud of witnesses and citations out of the ancient fathers, councils, and church historians; confirming every thing with so great a number of incontestable authorities, that Harding durst never after pretend to a second perfect and full answer; but contented himself with snarling at some small pieces. The truth is, as Dr. Heylin observes, that all the controversialists that followed were beholden to the indefatigable industry of this great leader. . Yet he was so careful in the use of his own common-place books, that when he was to write his Defence of the Apology, and his Reply, he would not trust entirely to his own excerpts or transcriptions. Having first carefully read Harding's books, and marked what he thought deserved an answer, he in the next place drew up the heads of his intended answer, and resolved what authorities he would make use of upon each head, aad then, by the directions of his commonplace book, read and marked all those passages he had occasion to make use of, and delivered them to some scholars to be transcribed under their proper heads, that he might have them together under his eye, when he came to write. This shows at once both his industry, fidelity, and modesty, in that he would not trust his own transcripts; and is a just reprehension of the falsehood of those who knowingly make false citations, and of the supine negligence of those who take them up upon trust from other men, and use them without any examination; by which means great mistakes are made, and controversies have

sprung up to the disturbance of the world. The truth is, a man ought to re-examine his own thoughts, for what may seem very pertinent to any purpose at a first reading, may prove otherwise upon second thoughts, and a close observation of what goes before or follows after in the author. And few men are so exact in their first extracts, but through haste, inadvertence, or mistake, they may more or less err and be deceived. Mental exertion is also increased by fixing it upon one particular object, and the expectation of a conviction from an adversary, it the least mistake be made.

Bishop Jewell was an excellent Grecian, and not unacquainted with the Italian tongue. As to the Latin, he wrote and spoke it with such elegance, politeness, purity, and fluency, that it might very well have been taken for his mother tongue. He took the right course to be master of it, having made himself in his youth perfectly master of Horace, upon whom he wrote a large commentary, also Cicero, and Erasmus, whose voluminous and excellent works he read over, made extracts from, and imitated every day he lived, especially during his continuance at Oxford, and he was then wont also to declaim extempore to himself in Latin as he walked in the woods of Shotover or other secluded places. And when lady Bacon wrote him a letter in Greek, he replied in the same language. He was excellently read in all the Greek poets, orators, and historians, especially in the ecclesiastical historians; above all others he esteemed Gregory Nazianzen, and quoted him on all occasions.

His learning was much improved by his exile; in which, besides his conversation with Peter Martyr, and the other learned men at Strasburg and Zurich, and his society with Sandys, afterwards archbishop of York, who was his intimate companion almost all the time they were in exile, his curiosity led him over the Alps into Italy, and he studied some time in Padua. By the acquaintance he contracted with signor Scipio, a person of note, with whom he afterwards corresponded respecting the council of Trent, he seems to have been very much esteemed there.

He was of a pleasant, cheerful humour, extremely civil and obliging to all; but withal of great gravity, and of such strict probity and virtue that he extorted from his bitterest enemies a confession that he lived the life of an angel. Though he was lame, yet till he became a bishop he travelled for the most part on foot, both at home and beyond the seas. He was contented in every condition; and endeavoured to make all others so, by telling them when he was in exile, that neither would their calamity last an age, neither was it reasonable they should bear no share of the cross of Christ, when their brethren in England fared so much worse.

He was so extremely grateful to all that had done him good that when he could not express his gratitude to Mr. Bowen his

schoolmaster, he paid it to his name, and did good to all so called, for his sake, though they were not related to him.

Bishop Jewell was a most laborious preacher, always travelling about his diocese, and preaching wherever he came. He laboured to speak to the apprehensions of the people, hating all light, trifling discourses and phrases, as beneath the dignity of that sacred place.* Yet he was careful in the choice of his words, and endeavoured to move the affections of his auditory by pathetic and zealous applications, avoiding all high-flown expressions, and using a grave and sedate rather than a sweet way of speaking.

In his sermon before the university, preached in the reign of king Edward VI., Jewell explained what he considered to be the office and duty of a minister of God's word, and in after life he manifested the same by his own example. In that discourse he showed, 1. That a preacher should speak. He enforced this from the words of scripture, and added, Let us do our endeavour, and leave the success unto the Lord. Then shall they if they die of so froward a mind that they will not hear, die in their own sin. Let us give the word, and God will give the Spirit. Let us plant and water, and in due time God will give the increase. For as it is our duty to instruct the people with words, so it belongeth to God to join unto his words faith and power. Such is the strength of the word of God, that to work nothing or to profit none is not possible. 2. He showed what was to be spoken, The truth, not lies; the scriptures, not fables; the precepts of the highest God, not the dreams of men. He referred to the words of St. Paul, "I know nothing but Jesus Christ, and him crucified."-Our heavenly Father would have his Son and his word to be taught. This is that river of water flowing abroad into life everlasting. This is that flesh, this is that blood of Jesus Christ, this is the only wholesome food of our souls, with this sword only the devil is overcome, with this stone only Goliath is laid along, with this maul alone the roughness and hardness of hearts is softened and overcome. Were it not for this, neither could religion flourish, nor faith be confirmed, nor the church kept within the limits of her duty. After showing the insufficiency of any other ground of confidence, he added, When we shall be placed before that dreadful judgment-seat, when all things shall burn-we shall then have refuge in Christ alone, then shall we use the aid and word of Christ alone. Our life, our soul, our salvation, is the matter in hand. The heavenly Father offereth himself unto us, and of his own accord meeteth us. Jesus Christ calleth every one of us, "Come unto me all ye that are grieved and I will refresh you." How blind are we if we see not, how blockish if we hear not, how miserable if we run from this! Jewell concluded

* A very affected style began to prevail about that time, by which sense was frequently sacrificed to sound."

His delineation of a Christian minister.

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by showing, 3. How the scriptures should be taught. Here he urged upon them, that pastors should have in mind that they represented the person of Christ; that being induced through the greatness and worthiness of the thing itself, they might so reverently do their office, that all men should perceive that it is a heavenly business which they have taken upon them. For the image of God must shine in him that is the minister of God. And if the apostles had not so used themselves, they had never laid again the foundations of religion; there never would have been any have left their altars, their sacrifices, their fires, and their gods themselves, to be of the opinion of a few fishers. They counted all they had as nothing in comparison of Christ Jesus.. Jewell then enlarged upon the example left by the apostles, adding, That the word of the Lord may be set forth worthily, two things are principally to be taken heed of, one, that we be not weakened nor enfeebled by fear; the other, that out of the gospel we reap not a jot or piece of praise unto ourselves. A preacher's mind must be prepared and diligently fenced against either of these. After exhorting to courage, he added, A preacher should not have too great a conceit of himself, but that he think that function and office hath happened to him from above, from God; that he discharge his duty diligently, and with very great fear, remembering that he is occupied, not in his own business, but in God's business. In the holy scriptures they are called, not princes, nor magistrates. nor rulers, nor kings, but stewards, preachers or criers, ministers, servants; that as we do this in behalf of another, we should not grow proud for another's praise. God would not have us preachers and criers of our own art and skill, but of his will: neither do we for any other cause carry about this treasure in earthen vessels, than for that it should be the brightness and clear light of the power of God. Such a minister of Christ was bishop Jewell, and there were many such among the British Reformers.

He was a man of great moderation; as appears by his letter to Dr. Parkhurst, when bishop of Norwich. "Let your chancellor, said he, be harder, but you easier; let him wound, but do you heal; let him lance, do you plaster: wise clemency will do more good than rigid severity; one man may move more with an engine, than six with the force of their hands. And accordingly he would often sit in his own consistory with his chancellor, hearing, considering, and sometimes determining causes, not thinking it safe to commit all to the sole care and fidelity of his chancellor and officials. But though as a justice of peace he often sate in the courts of quarter sessions, yet there he very rarely interposed, except his judgment were desired concerning some scruple of religion, or some such like difficulty. So exact was his care, not to entangle himself with secular affairs; and yet not to be wanting to his duty in any case.