He was extremely careful of the revenues of the church, not caring whom he offended to preserve it from being impoverished, in an age when the greatest men, finding the queen not over liberal to her courtiers and servants, too often paid themselves out of the church patrimony for the services they had done the crown, till they ruined some bishoprics entirely, and left others so very poor, that they were scarcely able to maintain a prelate. A courtier having obtained a prebend in the church of Salisbury, and intending to let it to another layperson for his best advantage, acquainted bishop Jewell with the conditions between them, and some lawyer's opinion about them. To which the bishop replied, "What your lawyers may answer I know not; but for my part, to my power, I will take care that my church shall sustain no loss whilst I live."

Though he came to a bishopric miserably impoverished and wasted, yet he found means to exercise a prodigious liberality and hospitality. For the first, his great expense in the building a fair library for his cathedral church, may be an instance. This his successor, Dr. Gheast, furnished with books.

His doors stood always open to the poor, and he would frequently send charitable relief to prisoners. Nor did he confine his bounty to Englishmen only, but was liberal to foreigners, aud especially to those of Zurich, and the friends of Peter Martyr. Perceiving the great want of learned men in his times, his greatest care was to have ever with him in his house several poor lads whom he brought up in learning. He took much delight to hear them dispute points of grammar-learning in Latin at his table when he was at his meal, improving them and pleasing himself at the same time. Besides these, he maintained in the university several young students, allowing them yearly pensions; and whenever they came to visit him, rarely dismissing them without liberal gratuities. Amongst these was the famous Richard Hooker his countryman, whose parents being poor, he must have been bound apprentice to a trade but for the bounty of this good bishop, who allowed his parents a yearly pension towards his maintenance, near seven years before he was fit for the university. In the year 1567 he appointed him to remove to Oxford, and there to attend Dr. Cole, then president of Corpus Christi college, who, according to his promise to the bishop, provided him a tutor, and a clerk's place in that college; which, with a contribution from his uncle John Hooker, and the continued pension of his patron the bishop, gave him a comfortable subsistence. In the last year of the bishop's life, Hooker making this his patron a visit at his palace, the good bishop made him, and a companion he had with him, dine at his own table, which Hooker boasted of with much joy and gratitude, when he saw his mother and friends, to whom he was then travelling on foot. The bishop when he parted with him, gave him good counsel and his blessing, but forgot to give him money,

which when he bethought himself of, he sent a servant to call him back again, and then told him, "I sent for you, Richard, to lend you a horse which hath carried me many a mile, and I thank God with much ease." And presently delivered into his hand a walking-staff, with which he professed he had travelled many parts of Germany. He then went on and said, “Richard, I do not give, but lend you my horse; be sure you are honest and bring my horse back to me at your return this way to Oxford. And I do now give you ten groats to bear your charges to Exeter; and here is ten groats more which I charge you to deliver to your mother. Tell her, I send her a bishop's blessing with it, and beg the continuance of her prayers for me. If you bring my horse back to me, I will give you ten more to carry you on foot to the college; and so God bless you good Richard." Not long after this, the good bishop died, but before his death he had so effectually recommended Hooker to Edwin Sandys then bishop of London, and afterwards archbishop of York, that he put his son under the tutelage of Hooker, and was so liberal to him, that he became one of the most learned men of the age.

To return to bishop Jewell; he had collected an excellent library of books of all sorts, not excepting the most impertinent of the popish authors. Here he spent the greatest and the best part of his time, rarely appearing abroad, especially in a morning, till eight o'clock; so that till that time it was not easy to speak with him; when commonly he ate some slight thing for the support of his thin body; and then, if no business diverted him, retired to his study again till dinner.

He maintained a plentiful, but sober table, and though at it he ate very little himself, yet he took care his guests might be well supplied, entertaining them in the mean time with much pleasant and useful discourse, telling and hearing any kind of innocent and diverting stories. For though he was a man great and exact, both in piety and virtue, yet he was not of a morose, sullen, unsociable temper, and his hospitality was equally bestowed upon both foreigners and Englishmen. After dinner he heard causes, if any came in; and dispatched any business that belonged to him, though he would sometimes do this at dinner also; and answered any questions, and very often arbitrated and composed differences betwixt his people, who knowing his great wisdom and integrity, did very often refer themselves to him as the sole arbitrator, where they met with speedy, impartial, and unchargeable justice. At nine at night he called all his servants about him, examined how they had spent their time that day, commended some, and reproved others, as occasion served, and then closed the day with prayers, as he began it. The time of his public morning prayers seems to have been eight o'clock.

After this, he commonly went to his study again, and from thence to bed, his gentlemen reading some part of an author to

him, to compose his mind, and then committing himself to his God and Saviour, he betook himself to his rest.

Jewell's principal writings have been noticed in the preceding pages. In the present day we cannot form an adequate idea of the importance of his controversial works against the papists at that period, when the whole of Europe was agitated by warfare, caused by the intrigues of the papacy, and promoted by the industrious defence of its principles. His work, the defence of the apology, in particular, should be studied by all who wish to become acquainted with this important subject. A copy of that work was ordered by queen Elizabeth, king James I., Charles I., and four archbishops, to be chained in every parish church, with a large bible, and Fox's Acts and Monuments, so that the people might read them at all convenient times.

Some others of Jewell's works will be found more generally interesting at the present day; among these the principal is the Exposition of the Epistles to the Thessalonians, which has been justly characterized as "worth its weight in gold.". It was, however, a posthumous publication, having been edited by Dr. John Garbrand, a divine whom he much esteemed, to whom he left his unpublished papers and manuscripts. Garbrand pub lished from them the Exposition of the Epistles to the Thessalonians-the View of a seditious Bull-A short Treatise of the Holy Scriptures-Six Sermons preached at Paul's cross, before the queen-and a Treatise of the Sacraments. These, with Jewell's other works, were collected and published in a folio volume in 1609 and 1611, and are now reprinting (1830) by the university of Oxford. Some other pieces were left in manuscript by bishop Jewell. Among them are enumerated the following,-An Exposition of the Epistles and Gospels throughout the year-An Exposition of the Creed, Lord's Prayer, and Ten Commandments-A Comment on the Epistles of St. Peter, and on the Epistle to the Galatians.*

* Wood, in his Athenæ Oxonienses, states that all books and papers left by bishop Jewell to Dr. Garbrand were given by the latter to Dr. R. Chaloner and Dr. John Rainolds. Diligent inquiry has been made for these comments on the epistles of Peter and to the Galatians, in the hope of adding them to this collection, but without success.

A

TREATISE

OF

THE HOLY SCRIPTURES,

GATHERED OUT OF CERTAIN SERMONS WHICH BISHOP. JEWELL PREACHED AT SALISBURY,

A. D. 1570..

This treatise, Of the Holy Scriptures, was printed by Dr. Garbrand with another work of bishop Jewell's called "A View of a seditious Bull sent into England from Pius V. bishop of Rome, 1569." In the preface to the reader, he says,

"In the Treatise of the Holy Scriptures is showed the authority, and the profit, and the pleasure, and the necessity of the word of God.

"If thou learn to humble thyself before God, and to seek wisdom of him; if thou search the Scriptures, and make them thy guides to lead thee through the desert and wide sea of this life, thou shalt soon espy the danger of all practices towards disloyalty and rebellion whereto the Bull driveth thee. For it is not only said by the wise man, The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom,' Prov. i. but also set down by the prophet, 'They have rejected the word of the Lord, and what wisdom is there in them?' Jer. viii. That is, men become foolish and do such things as are unmeet, because they care not for the word of God; and therefore David in his experience so confesses, that by the commandments of God he was made wiser than his enemies, and had more understanding than all his teachers; because the testimonies of the Lord were ever with him, and he did meditate upon them. Psal. cxix."

Dr. Garbrand adds a short account of the last hours of bishop Jewell, which is given in the preceding pages.